tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-50378565121857551092024-03-08T03:52:20.605-08:00Use critique in a sentenceGarryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.comBlogger245125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-64749878171167176042020-08-27T18:45:00.001-07:002020-08-27T18:45:04.308-07:002.Does motivation to work vary from culture to culture Discuss the Essay2.Does inspiration to work differ from culture to culture Discuss the appropriateness of one substance hypothesis of inspiration and of one procedure hypothesis of inspiration to your national culture - Essay Example conduct, the more capable the director will be in impacting subordinatesââ¬â¢ conduct to make it progressively predictable with the association objectives and targets. Individuals are driven by something, so as to accomplish something. This main thrust is the motivation behind why they would accomplish something. This main thrust is essentially what we term as ââ¬Ëmotivationââ¬â¢. Inspiration is the craving to do anything. It is one of the most significant of the components that lead us to play out an undertaking. It is the inward express that makes an individual carry on in a manner that guarantees the achievement of some objective (Certo and Certo, 2013). Inspiration is additionally observed as a lot of procedures that invigorate, coordinate and keep up human conduct towards accomplishing a specific objective (Di Cesare and Sadri, 2003) Convinced people are the people who have chosen a cognizant decision to devote noteworthy effort to accomplishing something that they regard. What they regard will differ colossally beginning with one solitary then onto the following. A few people may be propelled by money related elements associated with achieving an assignment while others may be driven by non-financial components (Erez et al, 2012). Financial components are those components in a vocation that bring about the individual getting compensated in type of cash, for example, pay, rewards, incidental advantages and so on. Non financial components are additionally called inherent factors and are those that are firmly connected to a personââ¬â¢s fulfillment and subsequently these incorporate thankfulness, acknowledgment, appointment and relationship with associates (Lehto and Landry, 2012). Both of these components assume a significant job in persuading an individual to play out an occupation. On the off chance that the correct inspirations are utilized to invigorate people to work, there is a high likelihood that the work performed will be powerful and proficient. This is on the grounds that the individual is cheerful and needs to show a similar love and love towards the activity and the association. The badge of gratefulness from the individualââ¬â¢s side is Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-50322758034064178312020-08-22T12:51:00.001-07:002020-08-22T12:51:06.573-07:00Changes in family life since the 1970s EssayLayout a portion of the significant changes that have occurred in family life since the 1970s and talk about the worries emerging from these changes. In the past numerous families were comparative, as conventional family units were the excepted standard of society. Since the 1970ââ¬â¢s various significant changes have occurred in family life. The customary family unit is no longer observed as the standard the same number of different sorts of expert families have created to best suit the necessities of the individuals inside them. Family life is extremely mind boggling and lately sociologists have sort to discover better approaches to get it. Anyway with these progressions there have likewise been various concerns, which may recommend that not all progressions have improved family life. One manner by which the nuclear family has changed since the 1970ââ¬â¢s is the adjustment in marriage rates. While marriage in the UK is as yet the lion's share among families, there has been a decrease in the quantity of relationships, the age wherein individuals are deciding to wed and the term of relationships. In 1971 1% of all relationships in the UK finished following two years. In 1996 this figure expanded to 9%. (Imprint Kirby, 2000, p. 58). This proposes marriage less significant than it used to be. There are a number for reasons with respect to why there is an adjustment in marriage. It is contended that since ladies presently have more opportunity of decision than they did before, they might be picking basically not to wed. Others recommend that ladies are presently deciding to put off marriage till a later date with the goal that they can concentrate on their vocations and instruction. Another explanation behind the adjustment in marriage could be because of the subverting of the need to wed, since it has gotten socially worthy to live together or be single, numerous individuals decide not to wed. Just as this ladies are not, at this point dependant on men to be a ââ¬Ëbread winnerââ¬â¢ and accommodate them. Lorraine Harding (1996) contends that the principle decrease in marriage happened around the 1970ââ¬â¢s because of more noteworthy degrees of joblessness. Strain may have been put on the ââ¬Ëbreadwinnerââ¬â¢ to help the family causing the breakdown of the marriage. ââ¬ËOn this premise it could be contended that it isn't the decay of the regular family since 1970 that should require clarifying, yet rather its strange prominence somewhere in the range of 1945 and 1970ââ¬â¢. (Imprint Kirby, 2000, pp. 69-70) Another significant change that has occurred in family life since the 1970ââ¬â¢s is the expansion in the quantity of separations. In 1970 80,000 couples got separated in the UK, that figure has ascended to 125,000 of every 2003. (Scott, 2007, p. 466) It is contended that this expansion is because of the 1969 Divorce Reform Act which made getting a separation a lot simpler. Ladies had greater chance to work and therefor they were less reliant on men. State benefits gave ladies more noteworthy possibility of leaving a marriage. (Scott, 2007, pp. 467-469). Anyway with separate there are various worries that can emerge in family life. It is accepted that separation is the primary supporter of solitary parent families who are viewed as at higher danger of neediness. This is viewed as an unfortunate domain to raise kids as they may feel agitated. Kids may put some distance between the other parent and increase step guardians. This in expansion can impact socialization, training and their family life later on. A few sociologists likewise contend that youngsters whose guardians have had a separation are bound to get a separation when they are more established. Giddens found that two-fifths of all relationships in the UK presently end in separate. The quantity of relationships has fallen while the quantity of separations has risen. (Giddens, 2009, pp. 350-351) Living together has expanded strongly as of late. It is viewed as an introduction to marriage or another option and sometimes it supplant marriage out and out. ââ¬ËIn 1986 11 percent of non-wedded men younger than 60 were in living together connections, yet by 2004 this figure had ascended to 24 percent. The practically identical figures for ladies were 13 percent in 1986 and 25 percent in 2004ââ¬â¢ (Social Trends, 2006) This demonstrates dwelling together is one option in contrast to the customary family unit that individuals are deciding to take. In the UK today 73 percent of ladies state they live with a man before they are hitched. Anyway with dwelling together there have been various concerns proposed by sociologists. A few sociologists contend that in light of the fact that there is less responsibility inside a living together relationship then they are not so much steady but rather more prone to separate. This could prompt neediness for the ladies and kids included. Just as this a living together couple are bound to look for state advantages and put a strain on the economy. Antony Giddens contends the possibility of an unadulterated relationship. He accepts thatâ couples in Modern culture pick now not to wed for affection and closeness yet to live together and have a relationship that best suits them. He accepts that in the past couples were limited by the agreement of affection and it would frequently be hard to get and separation and cut off an association. Giddens contends that separation is expanding because of individuals having significantly more decision in their lives. In the event that a relationship no longer keeps on fitting the interests of the individuals inside it then it is anything but difficult to just leave. Giddens says: ââ¬ËWhat holds the unadulterated relationship together is the acknowledgment with respect to each accomplice, ââ¬Å"until further noticeâ⬠, that every addition a noteworthy profit by the relationship to make its duration worthwhile.ââ¬â¢ (Holborn, 2004) The adoration inside the relationship is administered by the measure of respectability the other is set up to appear. Giddens likewise observed that in the past families would have been going by a solitary male provider who accommodated the entire family while the spouse remained at home. This has now changed and people include become progressively equivalent inside contemporary society. This therefor proposes people include additionally become equivalent inside connections. Unadulterated connections are rapidly getting progressively mainstream as our egotistical society creates. Inside contemporary society we have progressively decision; this has now adjusted the manner in which we take a gander at customary ââ¬â¢till-passing us-do-partââ¬â¢ relationships and conventional family units. (Elliott, 2008) ââ¬ËLiving separated togetherââ¬â¢ is a term that is utilized for a family where one of the accomplices may live away for work or basically to keep up their freedom. This follows on from the possibility of an unadulterated relationship as it is increasingly causal for the individuals in question and it addresses everybody issues. A difficult that may emerge from ââ¬ËLATââ¬â¢ families is that it could be troublesome for youngsters as they would not have a solitary home. It additionally shows an absence of responsibility from the couple to move in together and get hitched. Despite the fact that ââ¬ËLATââ¬â¢ families are getting progressively normal, they may in any case frequently be not seen as the most ideal approach to live as a family. Solitary parentââ¬â¢s families are getting expanding regular inside the UK today. There have been noteworthy increments in solitary parent families since the 1970ââ¬â¢s. This could be because of higher paces of separation and living together separate. Solitary guardians additionally have a diminished probability for marriage in the futureâ with solitary parent common laborers men having the most minimal opportunity to wed. In 2004 73 percent of solitary moms and 50 percent solitary dads had subordinate youngsters. (Giddens, 2009, p. 355) This makes a worry with solitary guardians as it is accepted that solitary guardians are bound to be in destitution and dependant on state benefits. It is contended that the youngster from a solitary parent family is more averse to do well in training and is bound to turn into a solitary parent later on. With less time to get instruction it is likewise basic for a solitary parent to have low or no capabilities and poor compensation. Solitary guardians can get trapped in a destitution trap as they don't have the opportunity to gain great cash and improve their instruction. Some solitary guardians may hold up until their kids have grown up, and go into advanced education sometime in the not too distant future. With the expanding number of separations and remarriages there has additionally be an expansion in reconstituted families. Reconstituted families frequently unite two families that have separated from guardians. These sorts of family can produce a few worries as by and large it is hard for the offspring of the family to acknowledge new connections. In augmentation to this inside reconstituted families there is a higher pace of kid misuse. This could be because of the occasionally overpowering condition of two families living respectively. They are likewise bound to confront financial hardship. Separation rates in reconstituted families are higher than that of first relationships. Same sex associations have gotten a great deal of media consideration as of late. This is because of the general thought of sexuality being a subject of enthusiasm inside society. It is just since December 2005 that gay and lesbian couples could get a common association. In the event that they wish to have kids, at that point they need to browse reception, managed impregnation, cultivating or on the off chance that they had a kid from a past hetero relationship. This can be useful for the kid as they may decide to check man controlled society. Anyway then again there are numerous parts of an equivalent sex organization that could raise a few concerns. For instance the very idea of such a relationship challenges emphatically held qualities and standards inside society. This could therefor make strife with different citizenry. In the event that there is a youngster included this may not be the best condition to bring them up. In 2009 Elton John and his accomplice Davidà Furnish were hoping to embrace a youngster from the Ukraine. They confronted issues when EveryChild, a universal childrenââ¬â¢s good cause, said _â⬠it was worried by the singerââ¬â¢s declaration that he and accomplice David Furnish needed to receive a 14-month-old kid called Lev. The association said that while it applauded Johnââ¬â¢s help in ra Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-82258623705833057692020-08-21T10:32:00.001-07:002020-08-21T10:32:25.034-07:00Why You Should Take Online Class Essay SamplesWhy You Should Take Online Class Essay SamplesFirst of all, these syllabus sample essays are not hard to find on the Internet. However, this will not make you feel good as an instructor, who has put you in charge of your own class on the Internet. Of course, you would prefer it if you were not the one in charge of this and you could still be personally involved with it, but if you have not personally set up the class, then, having this online is difficult.These online college courses are going to help you out a lot when it comes to grading the tests that you have to do in your classes. In fact, most teachers now tend to utilize these syllabus samples, especially those that are created by those students who have already passed their courses. These test sheets will help them in marking test papers properly, as well as not simply marking them incorrectly.Another reason why you should opt for an online class and your own personal work in syllabus samples is that you can study the materia l at your own pace and time, with all of your own resources, without having to be in the classroom with students. The classes will be flexible enough for you to be able to work on other aspects of your course that are not related to writing. This is probably the best way to ensure that you will be able to get the most out of the course. Without the constraints of the classroom atmosphere, you can have more time to think about other things such as your personal life.When you enroll in an online class, you may be wondering what exactly you will be expected to do. You can usually find your own student adviser who can help you get ready for the course. These advisers should be in charge of getting you prepared for the class and preparing you for your papers, assignments, and tests. They will also be in charge of getting you feedback from your classmates, who may either be in the same course or those who are in another course.However, the point of this advisor is not to just help you wit h your UBC essay samples. The point of this advisor is to help you build stronger bonds with your classmates. This will also give you the opportunity to meet other people who are into the same subject as you. It can also help you become familiar with the other students in your class, whom you may have only known by reputation.Most of the time, you will find that your personal coach will be working with you through your personal lectures, rather than guiding you through your own class. This can be very helpful, especially if you are a beginner in the class, as this will make it easier for you to be prepared and confident for your first essay. In many cases, it will also help you create your own syllabus.If you are unable to get your own advisor, you can always use a syllabus. These syllabus are usually prepared by the professor of the class, who is giving you the course. There are usually many different types of syllabuses, depending on what class you are taking. Usually, the ones th at are given to students that are in the freshman year of the university will be the easiest to use, as these have already been established as a part of the curriculum.Once you decide to take some online classes, this is the way that you will be able to prepare for your career. These syllabus will help you in preparing your UBC essay samples, as well as help you in learning the techniques of what is required to be an excellent essay writer. Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-50031339466822523582020-05-26T02:23:00.001-07:002020-05-26T02:23:03.037-07:00My Experience At The International Trade Center - 920 Words I am working alongside my supervisor Larry Dill and team Tianyuan and Alan to create a survey that will serve as a foundation to easily extract data from our clients. The information given to us in the survey will allow us to create a regression model that will allow us to better serve businesses in our state. My responsibilities include analyzing data and making sure that it is necessary for usage, conduct searches through Avention to find businesses that are a match for our model, and finally to aid in the regression model. I am working on creating a foundation for future use that will allow interns to spot trends more efficiently. We will be going county by county in the central region finding all of the manufactures in Missouri, and then contacting them about enhancing their global presence and exporting. In order to achieve the most out of my internship experience at the International Trade Center, I believe that I need to have a focused plan. That plan will implement a methodology that I obtained in Business Administration 3500: SMART goals. I know that I need to be as specific as possible, so I know exactly how to get there. As stated previously I will be researching each manufacturing company in the state, while organizing it by county. Each company with has to meet a certain benchmark: 10-99 employees, $1,000,000 - $25,000,000 in revenue, and have a strong internet presence that shows potential for success abroad. Each week we will have completed three counties.Show MoreRelated Leonard N. 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The Conference and Event Center of Niagara FallsRead MoreBusiness Decisions Of Imports And Exports The First Step1313 Words à |à 6 Pagesgas whereas Japan is known for the production of electronics. An advantage of export is for market expansion however there are disadvantages of export such as trade regulations and language barriers. Importing allows for low prices and high quality products. Unfortunately, these advantages can lead to job loss in the United States. In my Global Business class, I researched markets to enter as a global entrepreneur that imported materials to manufactured windmills in Mexico and export energy. Read MorePersonal Statement: Seeking Admission in European Business School London775 Words à |à 3 Pagessignificant pleasure from. That way, I can be sure of giving my very best in whatever it is that I undertake. Over the last few years, I have developed a keen interest in matters oil and gas and in that regard, I would confidently say that this is the field I would like to spend the rest of my life in. It is for this reason that I seek to further enhance my expertise in the field by seeking admission in your institution for an MSc Oil and Gas Trade Management. To tell you a little bit about myself, IRead MoreThe Impact Of Physical And Mental Growth On The Young Generation Essay1025 Words à |à 5 PagesGraduating from an international high school in China, I had accessed to a relatively far-ranging curriculum. In senior high school, there was a course about JA (Junior Achievement) Economics, at which, we were introduced to the MESE (Management and Economics Simulation Exercise). The basic principle of economics and the fundamental analysis of policy from the standpoint of economic theory kindled my curiosity about Economics. For example, as to the national policyââ¬âthe ââ¬Å"One-child Policyâ⬠in ChinaRead MoreThe Life Of The World965 Words à |à 4 Pagesfalling twenty feet, I landed on my wrist and was rushed to the hospital to make sure there werenââ¬â¢t internal injuries. The only damage done to my body was an almost broken wrist, but a fear of heights remains with me to this day. This is a pale, broken reflection of wh at people who have been trafficked experience when people and the systems they trusted exploit them, however, it is the most simplistic way I can relate of learning the world isnââ¬â¢t safe. In 2012 I was in my third year of university, and Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-89742919556803399382020-05-15T08:58:00.001-07:002020-05-15T08:58:03.250-07:00Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven, The Black Cat And The Tell... Extension English Edgar Allan Poe Writing Task Weland La Edgar Allan Poe is a writer renowned for his incorporation of macabre themes into his variety of texts. These texts include The Raven, The Black Cat and The Tell-Tale Heart, all Gothic texts by Poe which have contributed immensely to the Gothic genre. Readers categorise them as works of Gothic literature, but what attributes found in these texts causes it to be classified as Gothic? Poe explores numerous Gothic conventions in his poem, The Raven to signify its acceptance in the Gothic genre. ââ¬Å"In there stepped a stately Raven of the saintly days of yoreâ⬠, the Raven is a symbolic representation of death and hence foreshadows the approaching demise of the narrator. Furthermore, Poeââ¬â¢s juxtaposition between the harbinger of ââ¬Ëdeathââ¬â¢ (the raven) and ââ¬Å"saintly days of yoreâ⬠, manifests the recurring theme of death and decay overpowering the holy and virtuous. Poeââ¬â¢s allusion to Homerââ¬â¢s Odyssey, ââ¬Å"Quaff, oh quaff this kind nepenthe and forget this lost Lenore!â⬠portrays the sheer intensity of the narratorââ¬â¢s emotions. More, the narrator is depicted as heartily drinking nepenthe, an anti-depressant prescribed to cleanse the sorrowful memories of a grieving person. Poe contrasts cheerful drinking behaviours with sorrowful emotions. Consequently conveying the narratorââ¬â¢s growing madness, and thus the deterioration of his psyche. Madness is a key convention of the Gothic genre as it shows the mad characterââ¬â¢s touchShow MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poe : The Father Of Gothic Literature1393 Words à |à 6 PagesNovember 3, 2017 Edgar Allan Poe Studies say that Edgar Allan Poe was the father of gothic literature. As an American writer and critic, he went through the struggles of living in poverty, having a drinking and gambling problem, and being judge based on his decisions. He was best known as an author of gothic fiction. He had a life of misfortune and indigence. Edgar Allan Poe was born on January 19,1809 in Boston, Massachusetts to two striving actors, David Poe Jr. and Elizabeth Arnold Poe. Some studiesRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s The Raven1464 Words à |à 6 Pagesââ¬Å"Sometimes Iââ¬â¢m terrified of my heart; of itââ¬â¢s constant hunger for whatever it is it wants. The way it stops and startsâ⬠Edgar Allan Poe one of America s best known poet, and author who became mad in the sense of insanity after his wife Virginia died of Tuberculous. This made Poe spiral into a deep depression which he wouldnââ¬â¢t be able to get himself out of because of the loss of his beloved Virginia. Poe had a very difficult, strange life, and a writing style like no one had ever seen before andRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe s Father Of American Gothicism1178 Words à |à 5 PagesAlba Abreu Prof. Mrs. Beth Ritter-Guth EN-250 June 24, 2017 Poe s father of American Gothicism Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. His parents were actors. After he was born, his father abandoned him and his mother died before he was three. This left Edgar Allan Poe a foster child. Poe s father was an alcoholic and an insovent actor. Thus, Poe had a miserable life, starting with his childhood, he lost his parents since he was a little child, and I would sayRead MoreLiterary Critics Of Edgar Allan Poe1693 Words à |à 7 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is credited to be one of the best writers, editors, and literary critics of all time. His poetry and short stories are what majority of people recognize him for. His long and intriguing stories about mystery and the macabre are just some examples of his classic writings. At first, Edgar Allan Poe was referred to as the inventor of the modern detective story and a specialist in the science fiction genre. It was not until later in his life that people began to acknowledge him as oneRead MoreThe Symbolism Of Edgar Allen Poe1491 Words à |à 6 PagesSymbolism in Edgar Allen Poeââ¬â¢ Works -14090304 Maggie æâ" ¹Ã¥ æ⡠¿Fang Ziyi- As a master of short stories of horror, Edgar Allan Poe is knowledgeable, learned and imaginative. He could skillfully manipulate the words in his literary works to create everything people can think of. The masterful use of the symbols, objects intensify the readersââ¬â¢ nerve as the typical elements of horror in Poeââ¬â¢s short stories, and therefore it is also a feature which makes Poe s stories different from other writers. In Edgar AllenRead More Juxtaposing the Most Similar Contradiction in Edgar Allan Poes Work2077 Words à |à 9 PagesThroughout all of Edgar Allan Poes works are common ideas that oppose each such as madness versus sanity, reality versus the imagined reality and life versus death. Usually these sentiments are taken as contrasting ideas with little similarities to each other, like black and white. However, many of these motifs are situated in the grey category. Poe uses the communal thought pathway to highlight its antithesis; the pathway of grey. With the new pathway, he emphasizes the similarities of the opposingRead MoreThe Black Cat By Edgar Allan Poe1142 Words à |à 5 Pagescharacter survives eight shots to the torso, all happy endings. Edgar Allan Poe isnââ¬â¢t like that. Most of his characters are dark and insane. They have one last shred of sanity then they refuse to keep it and then they end up going insane, much like the characters in The Black Cat, The Raven, and A Te ll-Tale Heart. All three the men reach insanity. In The Black Cat a man expresses his passion over all animals. He has a gorgeous black cat named Pluto,his prized possession. Years later this man has aRead MoreA Brief Biography on Edgar Allan Poe Essay882 Words à |à 4 PagesEdgar Allan Poe was born in Massachusetts, U.S. on January 19, 1809. Poe`s parents were Elizabeth Arnold Poe and David Poe Jr. Poe was named after a character in William`s Shakespeare King Lear. Poe was baptized at Episcopal Church in 1812.His mom was an actress and his dad was an actor. Poe`s dad abandoned the family in 1810. Poe had 2 siblings. His brother was named William Henry Leonard he was a writer, sailor, and poet. He was born in Boston on Jan 30, 1807. Poe`s brother died August 1, 1831Read MoreThe Father Of The Detective Story1593 Words à |à 7 Pagesââ¬Å"The Father of the Detective Storyâ⬠: How Edgar Allan Poe Developed and Influenced the Detective Fiction Genre Edgar Allan Poe has become a household name in the literary world. His unique writing style has earned him much-deserved respect and recognition. Poe s poetry and short story oeuvre follows a consistent, melancholy theme of death and darkness that has captured and haunted readers for years (Baym, et al. 683). Perhaps his most legendary contribution to literature is his creation of theRead MoreThe Father Of American Detective1923 Words à |à 8 PagesThe Father of American Detective Short Story-Edgar Allan Poe Edgar Allan Poe is far more than a poet and short story writer of the early 19th century. Poe is, in many ways, the most crucial writer of the period. The inventor of the detective story, and the creator of Gothic horror stories. He continues to capture the imagination and inspire literature more than one hundred and fifty years after his death. In examining his life, the critical reaction to his work, and his short story masterpiece Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-45611172710021915732020-05-06T16:23:00.001-07:002020-05-06T16:23:26.869-07:00Lacan once said, in an unpublished seminar, ââ¬Åthe Oedipus... Lacan once said, in an unpublished seminar, ââ¬Å"the Oedipus Complex is a dream of Freudâ⬠(Felman, 1034). It is a questionable theory and a so-called ââ¬Ëdreamââ¬â¢ because Sigmund Freud developed the Oedipus complex in such a way that allowed him to stand as an example of his own theory. It begins with what Freud would call ââ¬Ëintrospectionââ¬â¢; the analysis of oneââ¬â¢s self. He developed terms to use in his psychoanalysis; terms that divide the self and attempt to explain aspects of the human personality. Adding to the questionability of the theory is the category of myth with which the theory was named. The story of Oedipus happens to be one of the few Greek stories that do not fall under the sinful and incestuous category. Alternatively, the Theogonyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦According to Freud, repression is what keeps us from realizing that men love their mothers and want to kill their fathers. Reluctance is the proof that one had these desires be cause it is evidence of embarrassment. Finally, the unconscious is where these desires reside until acted on, or until one overcomes the desire and represses them further. The Oedipal complex can be applied to many myths, but those that best represent the theory are in the Theogony. A good beginning is to examine the birth of the twelve titans from Gaia, also known as Mother Earth, who conceives them with Ouranos, Father Sky. Two of the titans, Kronos and Rhea, behave in an Oedipal fashion. Kronos castrates his father Ouranos which would not have been fulfilled without Gaiaââ¬â¢s help. This castration fulfills the patricidal aspect in Freudââ¬â¢s theory. Because Kronos was able to overcome his desire for his mother, he was rewarded with the next best thing to Gaia, Rhea, his sister. Kronos and Rhea then gave birth to the Olympians who all, but Zeus, get swallowed by Kronos. Zeus, also acting in an Oedipal fashion overthrows his father Kronos, with help from his mother, Rhea. This demonstrates, yet another example of overcoming the desire for oneââ¬â¢s mother and being rewarded with a very similar mother figure. A cycle is established which rea ches its end when Hera has a son, Hephaestus, who is a lame god. Hera, unlike all the women Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-9247583597933060262020-05-05T19:13:00.001-07:002020-05-05T19:13:06.634-07:00Character Evolution of Bruce Wayne and Batman free essay sample But as Bruce Wayne, the character not only shows inventiveness and curiosity, but as shows a more cautious approach to things, and people, that are considered close. The interaction between the personas shows through on several occasions in the movie series, but specifically in The Dark Knight Rises (Nolan, 2012), when he encourages the character of Blake to dawn a mask in order to provide protection for the ones he cares about. The choice to utilize a mask in order to protect the loved ones of Bruce Wayne was clearly evident and further shows the consistent and cautious side of that persona of the character. An interesting point on this is that both personas seem to embody both sides of the extreme on this trait consistently while at the same time crossing over from one identity to the other and back again seamlessly. The idea of being conscientious is something that is also evident in both personas, but each is on the polar opposite of the extremes. We will write a custom essay sample on Character Evolution of Bruce Wayne and Batman or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The identity of Bruce Wayne is very easy-going and carefree choosing to the live the life as a billionaire playboy, seeming to have little or no real care in the world. On the contrast side, the identity of Batman is a very efficient and well organized character. Every move that is made is carefully calculated and thought thru before taking action. Where the complexity comes in with this aspect of the personality is that while each side of the identity seems to be polar opposite, they also share many of the same traits as well. The character of Batman is portrayed on several occasions as being careless and reckless as seen in some of the action sequences throughout the entire series, whereas the alter-ego of Bruce Wayne is shown as being very organized and efficient in his abilities to provide smoke screens for Batman. This is again seen in The Dark Knight Rises (Nolan, 2012) when it is discovered that Bruce Wayne has fixed the auto-pilot for the Bat, and no one was made aware of this, but it was utilized by Batman in the closing sequences of the movie. There is no doubt by anyone who has seen any of the Batman movies, Bruce Wayne is a very extraverted person who embodies the ideals of being energetic and outgoing. This is shown through the many times there are social events that the Wayne Foundation, the charitable organization founded by his fathers company, holds and he is a very over the top presence at these events. Bruce Wayne also takes a very active interest in the political climate of his city, Gotham, and is very influential in his abilities to grant someone access to office. This is very apparent in The Dark Knight (Nolan, 2008) where he offers to provide a financial endorsement for Harvey Dent through his influential friends. While Bruce Wayne is a very extroverted person, he also has a very solitary and reserved aspect to his life. He is a very private person who evidently has issues about the loss of his parents at a young age. This is shown time and time again by the images of being alone in his mansion with only the butler Alfred, who he refers to as his only real friend. The opposing identity is Batman, who is a very energetic person but is very leads a solitary existence. The only person who Batman allows to know his true identity of Bruce Wayne is Alfred, the butler. The clusters of agreeableness and neuroticism are the only two in which the characters of Bruce Wayne and Batman tend to share a similarity that stays toward one end of the spectrum. Both Batman and Bruce Wayne show limited amounts of compassion, while still maintaining a very cold personality. Both show compassion toward only certain members of the city of Gotham, but neither ever appears to be a friendly person. This helps to illustrate that both personas are very neurotic. Both exhibit extreme levels of confidence and security in their actions. Neither shows signs of nervousness, and only Bruce Wayne shows signs of sensitivity, but on extremely rare occasions. Each of these is again evident throughout the entire story of Batman by not only acting as a crime fighter, but the decisions made by Bruce Wayne to adopt the alter-ego of Batman. The character of Bruce Wayne is a very interesting one to look at from a personality stand point. He shows varying signs of each of the five main clusters while also showing opposing points when assuming the identity of Batman. Two distinctly separate personalities combined into one very complex and interesting character. This one character shows that one person can, and sometimes does, exhibit traits from each end of the spectrum based on the personality they choose to assume. References Nolan, Christopher. (Christopher Nolan). (2008). The dark knight. Los Angeles: Warner Bros. Pictures Nolan, Christopher. (Christopher Nolan). (2012). The dark knight rises. Los Angeles: Warner Bros. Pictures Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-88529326963025927592020-04-13T02:16:00.001-07:002020-04-13T02:16:02.063-07:003 Crazy Interview Questions and How to Prepare for Them3 Crazy Interview Questions and How to Prepare for Them Are you prepared for any odd questions an interviewer may throw your way? Career marketing is at its height as hiring managers search for new means to find the right candidate for the job. Whether itââ¬â¢s social media, such as behemoth career networking site LinkedIn, or traditional recruiting, the world of human resources is changing. And so must those searching for the right fit.Recently, major companies such as Dropbox, Google, Dell, and Apple have started polishing its interview policies. Gone are the days where hiring managers only asked questions about experience, skills, education, and job readiness. Now they mix in a little craziness just to shake the candidate and see where their mind is. Here are a few examples of crazy interview questions and why employers ask them.Shipwrecked with ChoicesIf you were shipwrecked on a deserted island and had to choose from three people to help you, who would you choose. You can choose from ten people: the lawyer, the doctor, the carpent er, the shipââ¬â¢s captain, the politician, the high school teacher, the cook, the scientist, the soldier and the policeman.This question may seem silly at first, but it tells the hiring manager about the candidateââ¬â¢s ability to adapt and their overall drive and personality. For example, if the person chooses the high school teacher, doctor, and carpenter, it would suggest they are planning to rebuild and start a new society. This shows the hiring manager the person is capable of bouncing back from a situation.On the other hand, suppose the candidate chooses the shipââ¬â¢s captain, lawyer, and carpenter. This shows a strong inclination the person values strong leadership over individual talents. But the ultimate scenario desired is the candidate who chooses the carpenter, the shipââ¬â¢s captain, and the soldier. This shows they are planning to get off the island and turn lemons into lemonade.Extra CargoIf you were asked to unload a Boeing 747 full of jelly beans, what would you do first?This question gauges the candidateââ¬â¢s ability to think outside of the box. A person who answers that would ask for help shows a strong inclination to team building. Some would say they would schedule time to unload the pile more efficiently. According to Bose, one of the most popular answers indicated the personââ¬â¢s creativity, compassion towards others, and ability to solve problems on the spot. The person who received the highest praise said they would open the belly of the plane and dump the entire contents on a poor, starving country.Others said they would order the cargo staff to unload the plane, while one even attempted to hide the beans. Whatever the answer, employers learned whether the candidate was able to make solid decisions on the spot or whether they could excel in a fast-paced atmosphere.Clash of TitansWho would win in a fight between Superman and Batman?While this is the age-old question of comic book geeks everywhere, this simple ques tion also shows the thought process behind answering strange questions. First Superman is super strong, able to fly, has heat vision and blizzard breath, and is virtually indestructible. On the other hand, while Batman is strong and fast, he is nowhere near as strong or fast as Superman. But Batman does have superior fighting skills, a utility belt full of dangerous surprises, and the cunning and wit of the best insane criminal.One candidate said Batmanââ¬â¢s alter-ego, billionaire Bruce Wayne, has enough money to buy kryptonite and create a weapon to wound or even kill Superman. This shows the job seeker as an individual who doesnââ¬â¢t give up until they have found a solution to a serious, unsolvable problem. This out of the box thinking is what helps these candidates succeed.Get ready for the hard QuestionsHow can a candidate prepare themselves for these type of questions? Simple answer is there is no way to prepare for the unknown. Itââ¬â¢s how you work with the informa tion thatââ¬â¢s important. The following doââ¬â¢s and donââ¬â¢ts will help candidates make the best choice and win the job.Do:Take time to understand what they are asking.Ask questions to see if more information is available.Consider the outcomes.Donââ¬â¢t:Overthink the question.Go for the obvious answer.Say you donââ¬â¢t know.No matter what the question, hiring managers have learned these often silly and strange questions cause candidates to use brain power they normally wouldnââ¬â¢t exhibit. Any interviewer can ask them to solve a problem in their specialty, but what does that prove? Asking questions that force candidates in an uncomfortable and impossible situation brings out their true abilities and skills.Note: this article was originally published on TopResume.TopResume is a Talent Inc. company, the personal branding destination for all career-driven professionals. Through our extensive network of professional writers, we offer career advice and analyze and w rite more resumes and LinkedIn profiles than any other service in the world. Ready to get started? Request a free resume critique today. Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-79106689403196380502020-03-11T05:38:00.001-07:002020-03-11T05:38:02.193-07:00Historical and ethnographical study of rastafari religionHistorical and ethnographical study of rastafari religion The Rastafari people are a group of (primarily) men that originated in Jamaica, especially in and around Kingston, who believe in being repatriated to a designated homeland in Africa. Through their reinterpretation of the bible, an ascetic-leaning lifestyle, and heavy influence of previous Revivalist religions and African Myal traditions, they have carved a religion that is worldly, conscientious, and , now, world renouned. Icons such as Bob Marley, spliffs, their red, gold, and green flag, and their memorable accent make these people very interesting to listen to, and definitely assist in disseminating their belief structure throughout the world. In this paper I will briefly discuss their history, both ancient and modern, their belief structures, theological and material, and current and future trends in the movement today.Being the offspring of a revivalist religious movement in Jamaica in the 1930's, there is the obvious root tracing of the slave owner's Christian religion and the traditional African religion the slaves took with them from their homeland.English: 20 Jamaican dollars from 2000.In this case it is the Myal religion. They placed a large focus on the divination and local spirits in this religion and it carried over in the African religious interpretation of the imposed bible. The Christian focus was always on Jesus, while the Myal influence made the African slaves more focused on the Holy Spirit. They even placed John the Baptist over Jesus because it was John who brought Jesus to spiritual maturity through his baptism. Likewise this placed the focus of Christianity not on the orthodoxy, or knowledge of the religion, but the orthopraxy, the actual feeling and experience of the religion.Following a period of nearly 50 years of post-slavery Revivalism, particularly Zion and Pukumina, efforts in Jamaica, some of the adherents were growing tired of the obeah, or the carried over mysticism. Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-64923173945042529812020-02-23T20:02:00.001-08:002020-02-23T20:02:03.349-08:00Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 wordsHuman Resource Management - Essay Example According to the research findings the success of any organization depends on its human resource. Motivated human resource would strive to meet the goals of the organization while demoralized employees would conduct their duties in a clumsy manner. Every organization has to be sensitive to the human resource department because it is the motor engine of an organization. When human resource of an organization fails, the success of the organization is at stake. This means that the department must work in conjunction with other departments to realize the set goals and objectives. Developing appropriate policies in an organization motivates and provides an opportunity for employees of an organization to gain promotion. Australian company ninemsn provide a wide range of services to its clients in media practice. The company offers the following services to its customers, publishing of Magazine and TV brands, MSN online services, news Websites; Web based email services, entertainment among others. It also offers information in many fields such as health, business, lifestyle, shopping and travel among others. The company products attract large number of customers thereby influencing the number of workers that the company has to employ in order to meet the need of its customers. The labor force of the company includes IT technicians, sales executives, accountants, customer care executives, directors among others. Such labor force requires comprehensive human resource planning and management in order for the company to meet its goals. Scope ninemsn Company offers media services in Australia and beyond. This report focuses on human resource department of the organization. Methodology This report intends extracts company information from company website, on line information and newspapers. The aim is to identify internal human Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-14755236533440005572020-02-07T12:50:00.001-08:002020-02-07T12:50:03.081-08:00Kantian Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 wordsKantian Ethics - Essay Example From the principle of utility pain and pleasure are the only intrinsic values in the world. From this, the rule of utility is derived that the good is whatever brings the greatest happiness to the greater number of people. Most utilitarian theories deal with producing the greater amount of good for the greatest number. Negative utilitarianism requires individuals to promote the least amount of evil or harm, or to prevent the greatest amount of harm for the greatest number of the masses. Since utilitarians judge all actions by their ability to maximize good consequences, any harm to one individual can often be justified by a greater gain to other individuals. Values can be used under certain conditions since they can be used in times of evil or good. Goodwill is intrinsically good; its value is wholly self-contained and independent of its external relations. The value of goodwill does not depend upon the results. The moral value of the action can only reside in a formal principle 'maxim' the general commitment to act in this way because it is one's duty. The ultimate principle of morality is a moral law conceived so abstractly that it is capable of guiding a person to the right action to every set of circumstances1. Formula of autonomy where the concern of human dignity is combined with the principle of universiability to produce a conception of the moral law for the good of all2. Moral theory was founded on the assumption that it is the consequences of human actions that count in evaluating their merit that the kind of consequences that matter for human happiness is just the achievement of pleasure and avoidance of pain. The hedonistic value of any human action is calculated by how intense, how long the pleasure lasts, how certain and how quickly it follows the performance of the action being done and how likely it will give more benefits than harm. The extent of this pleasure brings out the happiness of the community as a whole because it is the sum of each person's interest as an individual. The universal agreement motivates people to do the right thing on the role of moral sanctions in eliciting proper conduct from human beings3. Human beings are also motivated by such internal sanctions such as self-esteem, guilt and conscience because we all have the social feelings on behalf of others, the selfish wish for the good of all may make us act morally. To avoid feeling bad and blaming oneself, people prefer to act morally to avoid the guilt within themselves if they act otherwise. People desire happiness hence when one person desire his/her happiness it implies that individual human beings desire the happiness of each other and everyone as a whole. Social applications of the principle of utility are fully consistent with concern for the promotion of justice, which involves respect for property, rights of individual citizens. Individual human beings are responsible for their thoughts, feelings, tastes and pursuits, while society is properly concerned only with social interest. To see that this is adhered to by everyone, the state has to monitor the individual interest so that they prevent individuals from doing harm to others by violating their rights. Utilitarianism therefore can only attain its goal of greater happiness by cultivating the nobleness of the individuals so that all benefit for the good of others. Once many people acquire the happiness they were pursuing or were entitled to, they develop inclinations. They do not mind if one Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-50146928437963080852020-01-29T08:45:00.001-08:002020-01-29T08:45:03.887-08:00Technology Making Our Lives Easier Essay Example for Free Technology Making Our Lives Easier Essay As we are raised in a society where everything is simply handed to us, we tend to take many things for granted that others in the world do not have. Things like GPS, phones, credit cards, cameras, and insulin pumps help us live a qualitative and productive life and NASA has played a very key role in developing many technologies like these. From invisible braces to long-distance communication devices, NASA has brought up inventions that we consistently use every day in our lives. A device that many people in the world rely on everyday and something that has made a huge difference in peoples lives is the water filtration system(s). NASA first made it to be used on the space station or in a spacecraft, and since then the water filtration system is a must-have in any place in the world. NASA showed amazing ingenuity to control bacterial contamination in space, and because of that, we have learned how to control pollutants in water here on earth. We see water filtration systems more than we think, and it allows us to enjoy a healthy lifestyle. Whether its through swimming pools or manufacturing processes, the water filtration systems affects our lives every day in a positive way. There are many different types of water filters and you can classify them by the way they work, but they all need to do one job and thats effectively filter and purify water. One type of a water filtration system is the reverse osmosis, which is the process of removing dissolved inorganic solids out of a solution (water). This type of system involves using many different filters and membranes in order to purify and improve the drinking quality of water. There are also ultraviolet systems which do a remarkable job at disinfecting water. Ultraviolet systems can destroy 99. 99% of harmful microorganisms in the water very effectively and they do this by using a lamp or bulb which emits UV light which is then used as energy to attack the microorganism in the water and essentially destroy it, thus making the water free of future bacteria. There are many other type of systems like the Carefree Clearwater systems (which are based on NASAS late 1900s technology) which are not only used for drinking water in the home, but also for pool and shower water. These type of large-scale systems clean the water in a pool or hot-tub by using the same type of strategy as the UV systems. They release ions like copper and silver to destroy bacteria and algae in the system. These type of systems would work better than cleaning with chlorine because they have less nwanted side effects like burning eyes and bleached skin or hair (due to the copper and silver ions not dissipating from heat and sunlight, unlike chlorine) and they are more stable and productive to work with. Water filtration systems affect our lives everyday throughout everything we do. Without them, clean and purified water would be difficult to come across, and civilization would eventually come to a halt. Whether its the water that we drink or the pool that we love to sw im in, systems like the reverse osmosis and the Carefree Clearwater are at work and doing an incredible job in order to make our daily lives healthy and enjoyable. Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-39859665480532196352020-01-21T05:09:00.001-08:002020-01-21T05:09:02.710-08:00Essay on The Yellow Wallpaper, A Rose for Emily and Babylon :: Yellow Wallpaper essaysThe Yellow Wallpaper, A Rose for Emily and Babylon It is amazing how differently people see the world. People from different walks of life interpret everyday experiences in different ways. This is ever so apparent when discussing the gaps that occur in stories by great authors. In The Yellow Wallpaper, a woman is being "treated" by a doctor (her husband) for a condition he refers to as anxiety. She is placed in a room, apparently one that was previously inhabited by a mental patient, and told to rest. Over the course of a few weeks the woman begins to exhibit signs of paranoia and regularly has hallucinations. Through the course of the story, the woman continuously makes reference to the yellow wallpaper. The first, and possibly the greatest, gap in the story comes when interpreting the meaning(s) behind the wallpaper. Does the color yellow infer something about insanity? The woman repeatedly refers to the patterns that the peeling wallpaper makes. Do the patterns suggest order from chaos? It is apparent, from the number of times that it is mentioned, that the wallpaper plays a role in the mental changes the woman experiences (and details her changes) throughout the story. Part way through the story, she begins seeing a woman moving behind the wallpaper, as if trying to escape it. Is she actually seeing herself in the wallpaper, as suggested by Chris Tildon, or is the hallucination what she fears she is becoming? At the end of the story, she takes on the role of the "creeping" woman and follows a smudge around the room and over her fainted husband. This supports the idea that she is the woman that has been trapped in the paper. Maybe she feels trapped and tormented by John's lack of sympathy for her condition. Another story that benefits from gaps is Babylon Revisited by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The gaps in this story are numerous, but the most important gaps involve Charlie's previous bout with Alcoholism, and his struggle to retrieve his daughter Honoria. Charlie claims to be a reformed man. However, after reading deep into the story, it is apparent that Charlie plays a role in his own downfall. Does Charlie actually try to rid himself of his past, or is he actually perpetuating it? In the story, Charlie visits his old "haunts", maintains a "one drink a day" attitude, and inadvertently brushes elbows with a couple of old drinking buddies. Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-15690647407462594232020-01-13T01:32:00.001-08:002020-01-13T01:32:04.548-08:00Sap Bw Parallel Data LoadScenario You have an SAP BW system with several (application) servers. You would like to distribute the workload of the data loads and other data warehouse management activities in a way that fits your needs best. This could mean that you would like to have all processes distributed across all available servers or that you would like to have one dedicated server for these processes. 2 Introduction SAP uses the terms instance and application server synonymously. In order to avoid misunderstandings we use the term instance for an SAP instance (application server) in this document.For a physical machine we use the term server. Some of the settings described in this document are done on an instance level, some on a server level. If you donââ¬â¢t have several instances (of the same SAP system) on one server you donââ¬â¢t have to draw this distinction between instance and server when reading this document. There are a host of functions and settings in the area of load balancing provi ded by the basis system (Web Application Server). However, these have been designed primarily for SAPââ¬â¢s ERP system.Customizing these features for optimal use with SAP BW requires further considerations. The challenges presented with data load processing originate from the fact that many fairly long running processes can be started almost simultanesouly. The standard SAP load balancing approach takes the quality of the instances into consideration when distributing the load. This quality is evaluated in regular intervals (five minutes by default). Within one interval a lot of parallel processes may be started on the best instance, using a lot of work processes while the other instances are idle.An optimal distribution of BW OLAP workload or data load resource consumption cannot readily be achieved with this standard method. Without adequate planning, and under heavy workload (peak) conditions, the risks can increase that hardware becomes a bottleneck; a limited number of serve rs can become saturated with processes consuming resources, and performance (and stability) can potentially suffer significantly. A successful load balancing approach optimally utilizes the hardware resources that have been allocated to the BW system.Note that this discussion assumes that an adequate sizing has been performed to properly size the SAP BW system (see SAP Service Marketplace alias ââ¬Å"quicksizerâ⬠for more information). This document describes load balancing approaches for typical SAP BW activities. Commonly these activities process large amounts of data. Data (within one process) is split into packages and can thus be processed in parallel on one or across several servers or instances. On the other hand, several processes can run in parallel on one or on several servers or instances.This means that we can have parallel processing (and consequently achieve load balancing) both within one process and across processes. In our examples we will use a system called XXX as SAP BW system and a system called YYY as an SAP source system of XXX. During data load processing, data is extracted from the source system and sent to the target SAP BW system. Other load processes involve the SAP BW system as source system, as well as the target system (for example, DataMarts, activation of data in ODS objects). The instances and servers on XXX are as follows, the server ab1234 being the database server: Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-89738697447768685522020-01-04T21:54:00.001-08:002020-01-04T21:54:03.392-08:00Improve Comprehension and Collaboration Using Post-ItsGarryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-45026203396343538122019-12-27T18:20:00.001-08:002019-12-27T18:20:04.095-08:00The Impact Of Online Communities On Physical Social... Abstract Nowadays, people spend much time in online communities to network with virtual friends and play role plays. They provide an advantage for people with special needs who cannot leave the house, because they benefit from the accessibility of the internet. Moreover, they help people who often move to stay in touch with their friends. Nevertheless, spending too much time in online communities leads to drawbacks in the development of the userââ¬â¢s personality. More energy is dedicated to the virtual life than to real life and people lose track of their personalities while busy building online ones. Also, frequent users of online communities have difficulties beginning meaningful real life relationships. Virtual friendships are shallowâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦People meet online to run blogs, meaning online diaries, share information and photos, exchange Youtube videos or unionize in a political, cultural, social and economic way (Das Internet als soziales Erlebnis, 2007). But not only can real life people get together and share common interests, they can also abandon their individual personalities and become somebody else: Second Life, a virtual world, allows their members to create an avatar of their choice and guide it through its world with virtual people, entertainment, opportunities and semi-virtual marketplaces (Second Life, 2008). According to Computer Industry Almanac Inc. (2007), more than 1.2 billion people use the internet worldwide and the largest online community has over 200 million members. Nevertheless, the effect on physical relationships must be investigated. Although online communities provide social advantages for certain groups of people, they cannot replace real life relationships due to their limitation of peoplesââ¬â¢ abilities of developing their own personalities and the loss of the sense of profound interpersonal relationships. Discussion Online communities provide social advantages for two groups of people. First of all, persons with certain handicaps that limit their mobility can benefit from the easy handling and accessibility of the internet. They get the chance to interact with other people disregarding their special needs. For example, someone who cannot leave their house due to an illness isShow MoreRelatedThe Online Shopping Industry Has Changed The World1305 Words à |à 6 PagesIn 1979, Michael Aldrich gave birth to an idea called online shopping. This idea is a form of electrical commerce in which buyers can directly sell to their consumers without any help of an intermediary and this communication would happen electronically. 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Davis February 10, 2016 Culture is defined as the beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a particular nation or people. Our cultures are made up of the communities we grow up in, the people within that community, and the ethnicity of the people in our communities. A community is defined as social unit of any size that shares common values. Communities range in size and scope from neighborhoods to national communities to internationalRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1421 Words à |à 6 PagesSocial media has become a very popular form of entertainment, resource for information and an excellent tool for communicating your thoughts and personal life with the rest of the world. In this day and age it is very uncommon to not be connected to the internet in some way or another, But just like everything Social Media has itââ¬â¢s pros and cons. Many people can agree that Social Media is a life changing tool that helps us find out more about the world and helps us connect to people ar ound us orRead MoreSocial Medi Bringing Us Together Or Tearing Us Apart?1099 Words à |à 5 PagesSocial Media: Bringing Us Together or Tearing Us Apart? BUSN110 ESSAY Carried out by: Elena Sanchez- Migallon Paris ID: S00192032 Professor: Waleed Ibrahim 15/4/2015 The accessibility of the new information technology has led that social structures change, and with it the ways of relating to others. With this process of change has created what is known as virtual communities, Rheingold defined the virtual communities as a group of social aggregates which arises from internet when a groupRead MoreEffects Of Modern Socialization Networks On Youth1260 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction Social media is known as new media with having many features.It provides many facilities like texting,images or document sharing,communicating with audio ,video sharing,linking with all over world, direct connecting. Social networking on provides great help using the internet to connect with their friends, family and colleagues. The most well-traffic having social media sites are named as LinkedIn, Instagram, Twitter and Facebook. These sites allow you to share photos, play online games, Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-35219957661028247572019-12-19T14:09:00.001-08:002019-12-19T14:09:03.089-08:00Gfc Case Study - 1415 Words Mississippi States rival Ole Miss is destined to receive harsh sanctions by the NCAA soon, so we wondered? How do teams respond to their rival receiving NCAA Sanctions? We go to Los Angeles to get our first example of this trend as in 2010 the NCAA handed down harsh penalties to USC including a bowl ban for the 2010 and 2011 seasons, 30 scholarship losses over three years, and vacate all games Reggie Bush had played in after December of 2004. This included the 2005 National Championship USC had won in Miami Florida at the Orange Bowl. UCLA USC The two teams of LA USC and UCLA. Going into the 2010 season was coming off a win in the Eagle Bank Bowl, and had been expected to do particularly well in the upcoming season, however, thisâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦UCLA would go on to finish 10-3 in back-to-back seasons, which many would think is an average to good season for UCLA. However, Los Angeles had been dominated by the Trojans and their record from 1990-2009 is a clear example of that. USC played in 13 bowl games in 19 years not counting the two games that were vacated. USC would also win eight conference championships in this span of 19 years, also not counting the one they would vacate in 2005. USC would also go on to win one national championship during that span but would have to vacate another from their 2004 season. UCLA, on the other hand, didnt experience the same level of success. The traditional basketball powerhouse went to the same number of bowls before the sanctions were handed down however they didnt rece ive much notoriety for their achievements as they only amassed three conference championships, which all of them occurred from 1990-1995. The Bruins would also not win a national championship like their inner-city rival did. We take a look at life after the sanctions and this where the difference can truly be seen as UCLA would appear in two conference championships as well as appear in 5 bowl games from 2010-2016. The Bruins also pitched two 10-3 seasons. However, the Trojans rebounded rather quickly from their sanctions as they appeared in five bowl games, but would have been bowl eligible in every season during their sanctions,Show MoreRelatedMarketing Mix of Common Wealth Bank2300 Words à |à 10 PagesExecutive Summary Marketing Mix of Common Wealth Bank in the time of global financial crisis . 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The World Bank is used as the primary resource to convey the corruption when Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-80893371757924638202019-12-11T10:51:00.001-08:002019-12-11T10:51:05.313-08:00A Life Changing Experience free essay sample There are many things that could change your life if they happened to you. You could get rich, get married, have a baby, or make a bad investment. For me, a life changing experience has been getting and keeping my job at McDonaldââ¬â¢s. At McDonaldââ¬â¢s Iââ¬â¢ve learned self-control, the value of hard work, and importance of setting goals. Before working at McDonaldââ¬â¢s, I had no idea what the term ââ¬Å"working with the publicâ⬠really meant. I know now that it means self-control. Self-control was a big issue for me. Often times, I found myself getting very angry at my co-workers, mangers, customers, sometimes even myself. This lack of control caused me many unhappy days at work and some close calls to getting fired. My boss, who just so happened to be my role model, told me to never allow my emotions to get the best of me. We will write a custom essay sample on A Life Changing Experience or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He and my uncle Dewayne, a preacher, told me to separate my work life and my personal life. Once I learned how to separate the two, everything began to fall in place. As time progressed I gained more and more control, and soon I became a peopleââ¬â¢s person instead of a person people hate to see. McDonaldââ¬â¢s is the last place I want to go to. At times it seems like a business from Hell. Itââ¬â¢s so hot that the air conditioning stops working, so aggravating that head-aches became chronic, and time moves so slow that it seems weââ¬â¢re burning up for forever and forever. Customers yell at the mangers because it takes so long for them to get their food. Mangers fuss at us because the food is not up, and the customer wonââ¬â¢t stop staring them in their face. We, the frustrated hard-working victims, are ready to stream because weââ¬â¢re trying, failing, and ready to go ââ¬Å"home.â⬠But just when quitting seems like the right thing to do, a paycheck is delivered into the palms of my hands. All the suffering and enduring is worth much when a three hundred dollar pay check is lying there waiting to be cashed and spent. The biggest payback for my hard work came not in one of my many checks, but instead in the few words of some of the customers. Whenever I h ear, ââ¬Å"I like coming here when youââ¬â¢re working,â⬠or, ââ¬Å"You have a pretty smile,â⬠I know that my hard work wasnââ¬â¢t in vain, and my prize for working hard is shown through the customers. In the morning, McDonaldââ¬â¢s sets goals for the day. Some of these goals include having a low drive-thru time, and a low kitchen video system (KVS) time, which is the time it takes for the customers to get their food. Even the schedule is considered a goal. The reason for these goals is to keep the employees working at a constant pace and giving them something to look forward to for reaching them. If the KVS time is low, we can get a free meal. If it is real low during Mystery Shop hours, which is when the beginning hours of every shift, we can get money. The daily goals arenââ¬â¢t just said throughout the store, itââ¬â¢s written down for everybody to see and adhere to. Being apart of Mc. Donaldââ¬â¢s goals has inspired me not only to set my own goals, but also to write them down and strive to make them reality. McDonaldââ¬â¢s at times seems like the last place I want to be. Thereââ¬â¢s so many different things that I donââ¬â¢t like about it; however, it is the best place to get a start on life and learn itââ¬â¢s essential lessons like self-control, the value of hard work, and the importance of setting goals. Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-16126269536961618182019-12-03T22:33:00.001-08:002019-12-03T22:33:03.433-08:00Mob ia free essay sample Conflict is a situation of competition in which the parties are aware of the incompatibility of potential future positions and in which each party wishes to occupy a position which is incompatible with the wishes of the other. In this study the researcher investigated the conflict management strategies used by Digicel, down town Kingston to improve the relationship between employees and management. The researcher focused on what causes conflict, strategies by management to reduce conflict and also how the strategies used affect the relationship between employees. In this study the researcher elaborated to the following objectives above. In most businesses conflict can be both constructive and also healthy in an organization but it also brings forth underlying issues that employees face in the organization and which can later cause either feud or tension between the employees. In every organization there are different reasons that can cause conflict among employees. According to Art Bell (2002) he gave six reasons for conflict in the workplace: conflicting needs, conflicting styles, conflicting perceptions, conflicting goals, conflicting pressures, and conflicting roles which are a few of the factors that cause conflict while Brett Hart (2002) discusses two addition causes of conflict which is different personal values and unpredictable policies. We will write a custom essay sample on Mob ia or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In a work place conflict can cause the employees to have distant relationships and segregation which can be bad according to (Hart 2002) Segregation in the workplace leads to gossiping, suspicion, and -ultimately, conflict. In the workplace can cause negative effect on the productivity on the manager and employees and it is also time consuming on the mangers part, according to Reynolds and Kalish (2002), organizational consultants in mediation, collaboration and conflict resolution, note that managers spend at least 25 percent of their time resolving workplace conflicts. This obviously affects the productivity of both managers and associates (employees) and can have a far-reaching impact on organizational performance. In several businesses today, a major problem that is ongoing is the amount of conflict that is present. The managers are finding several different strategies to approach the problem as to solve the conflict. Every business has different strategies to reduce crime in their workplace. It can also be said that the size of the organization comes with different strategies to resolve conflict than a smaller organization. According to Amy Raines (2007) large organizations strategies to resolve conflict is by mediation, incrementalism, which involves developing solutions over time, negotiating and effective communication. Both large and small business have conflict management strategies and according to rian Thomas (2002) strategies large and small businesses can use is facilitation, neutral conflict resolving sessions and conflict training and according to him by apply these strategies in the workplace the business will be able to continue the path of the businesses goal with less or no conflict to deal with. According to M. Afzalur Rahim (2002) a strategy used to resolve conflict is to attain and maintain a moderate amount of substantive conflict. According to him a substantive conflict occurs when two employees in the business disagree on their task or content issue. Groups that report this kind of conflict have higher performance because this kind of conflict can improve group performances through better understanding of different viewpoints and alternative solutions. According to Fleetwood (1987) there are five conflict management strategies and to him persons address themselves as if they are a strategy used to resolve conflict. He said the five conflict personality that a person is that they are the competitor, the collaborator, compromiser, the accommodator and lastly the avoider. It can be said that different business and people handle conflicts in different ways and the same way and this is because they are comfortable with it. When conflict arise persons often see as they are competing with someone for the same thing so conflict management strategies are a result of ones concern for accomplishing their goal and also being concerned about another accomplishing his or her goal. Inside the business world these days the ability to resolve conflict is an invaluable resource. There is a need for conflict resolution practices in all aspects of society for example business organizations. Conflict management strategies are designed to enhance peaceful cohesiveness, promote stability and improve performances, but its major purpose is to reduce and terminate conflict. Conflict cannot be prevented so the strategies to reduce it were created. The strategies may not be effective in all situations but they do work and in this research will prove if it is effective or not. According to Charles Mwanga and Mary Ragui (2013) a study was done by them and it proved that majority of the persons that were involved said that failure of management and the union to follow the recognition agreement in solving labor issues greatly affects their performances. Conflict not only affect the members relationship but it also affects groups, according to Rahim (2002) a strategy minimizing conflict and various levels is not always effective. According to him effective conflict strategies builds group loyalty, work group commitment, intent to stay in the present organization and job satisfaction. These result from high level of stress, anxiety and conflict escalation. The strategies that the manager used at the time can be beneficial to the employees. According J. H. Lim and R. Yazdanifard (2012) said if you can develop the internal capability to ââ¬Å"mediateâ⬠conflicts, most issues can be resolve effectively. Research has suggested that when managers adopt a conflict management style that focus on satisfying needs of parties involve in conflict situation, supervisors and subordinates tend to build a relationship based on trust and respect. According to Salami (2009) withdrawing strategy has a tendency engender counter productivity and work behavior. Conflict is known to be evident in all human interaction. In any organization there are different causes of conflict and role differentiation acquires different strategies to handle conflict. In some situation it is beneficial to the business and the employees but not all the time it comes with a few consequences and in the research that was donââ¬â¢t the researcher broke down the different types of conflict found in all kind of businesses and also strategies to reduce it because conflict cannot be avoided and also the effect of the strategies use, if it either positive or negative. Methodology The researcher chose to investigate the topic conflict management strategies used by digicel in downtown Kingston to improve the relationship between employees and management. The study investigated what causes conflict in an organization and also to determine the strategies used by management to reduce conflict among employees. The design of the study included the use of qualitative research method which aims to get a better understanding through firsthand experience, truthful reporting, and quotations of actual conversations. It aims to understand how the participants derive meaning from their surroundings, and how their meaning influences their behavior . The method used in the research is an interview and a questionnaire because it brings forth data that is easily analyzed because responses are usually one word answers and numbers. An interview was chosen because it allows the person being interviewed to express his/her view and it does not limit them as respondents can give added information. The person interviewed was the manager. A random sampling method was used. A random sampling method enables every member of the targeted population has an equal chance of being chosen for the study. The researcher selected the representativesââ¬â¢ sample using probability Participation in the research was voluntary. Respondents were informed of the purpose of the research and the reason for which the research will be used. The population of the organization was 650 employees and twenty (20) persons were chosen randomly to participate in the study and one manager. Recommendations The researcher advices that the following recommendations be taken to reduce conflict in organizations between employees and managers: Management can provide a system that provides the reporting of incidents of workplace conflict and deal with the reports fairly and efficiently. educate managers and staff in communication, as well as in conflict prevention and Management. Implement strategies to ease the impact of change and decrease stress among staff; situations before they escalate. Make conflict resolution a priority among all staff members; Empower staff members to resolve problems among colleagues. Foster positive relationships, trust and respect among staff members and promote a work environment in which conflict-creating forms of behavior (for example, exclusion or dysfunctional cliques) are not tolerated. Formulate new and effective strategies that allows for the organization to allocate scarce resources fairly rather than as an organization competing among Presentation of data Fig 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig 8 Fig. 9 Fig 10 Management avoiding conflict causes more conflict Responses frequency agree 4 strongly agree 18 disagree 5 strongly disagree 3 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Interview Manager An interview was done with the manager of the Digicel in downtown Kingston so as to ascertain the forces responsible for the conflicts that the organization faces. The questions asked by the interviewer are presented in the appendix. The manager was assured by the interviewer that his identity would remain confidential. Questions Answers What is the main cause of conflict Competition for scarce resources How do you handle conflict? When resolving a problem between employees, I serve as a neutral third party. When needed, I establish rules of conduct. How do you cope with conflict in the workplace? I try to anticipate conflict and take steps to resolve this at the earliest possible stage as I know that most of the conflicts can be resolved with just reaching out the people involved and communicating tactfully. Give an instance wherein you had to settle a conflict between two individuals. In my team, there were two colleagues whose relationship deteriorated to such an extent that the atmosphere they created was terrible. Interpretation of data A research was done to investigate the conflict management strategies used by digicel, down town Kingston, to improve the relationship between employees and management and to find background on what causes conflict among employees in an organization, to determine the strategies used by management to reduce conflict among employees and to determine how the strategies used by management by affect employees between each other. Through use of questionnaires issued to workers at the organization, the researcher found 60% the participants think that clash of personalities causes conflict and this while 23% strongly agree and this only means that in the Digicel organization there are different types of personalities that share different views and they all think their way is right and none wants to compromise with the other. On the other hand some participants in the research think otherwise. This proves (Brett hart 2000)0 theory that personality differences causes conflict, the research also proved that poor communication is a cause conflict and 53% of the participants agreed to that also 20% says it rarely causes conflict this is because employees do communicate with their subordinates I a respectful way and from that conflict arises.. The researcher also found that there are different strategies to resolve conflict or reduce it and it is shown in fig 6 that 57% of the participants believe that withdrawing from conflict situation reduces it and this can be because if individuals walk away from conflict and be the bigger person the conflict will either subside of eventually go away also she found out that collaboration between employees resolves conflict and in fig 9 50% of the participants strongly agree that it resolves conflict and this is because if employees are able to put their differences aside and look at the bigger picture which is meeting the goal of a project are the business then there will be no conflict between them. The study also found out that management cannot avoid conflict it only causes problem and out of the total participant 18 of them said they strongly agree and this is because management is the person that is supposed to come up with a solution and if they avoid the conflict there will be no structure and all hell may break lose so management should be there to take hold of the situation and bring structure to it and this proves the research also found that mediation is often used in conflict situation to resolve it and 50% of the participants said that and it is shown in fig 12 . With mediation the both parties involved are able to come to a concise and agreed decision that they both agree on. This proves Amy Raines (2007) is proven by which she said that mediation is strategy uses to reduce conflict in the work place. The researcher was blso able tro find out the effectiveness of the strategies that organizations used by management to reduce conflict in the wokplace. according to the fig 10 33% of the participants at digicel said that negotaition is the most effective methood used by mangement to reduce conflict and this is because if both parties involved in the conflict can negotaite and come to an agreement then the conflict is resolve with no problems. According J. H. Lim and R. Yazdanifard (2012) he said if you can develop the internal capability to ââ¬Å"mediateâ⬠conflicts, most issues can be resolve effectively. Which he is saying that if individuals are able to deal with conflict on their own then conflict will be resolve in the benefit of both parties. The research also suggests that if style used by management is effective and it satisfies the needs of both parties involved then the supervisors and subordinates tend to build a relationship on trust on loyalty that in the end will benefit the business in a positive way. According to Salami (2009) withdrawing strategy has a tendency engender counter productivity work behavior. He means that employee behavior go against the legitimate interests of an organization. These behaviors can harm organizations or people in organizations including employees and clients, customers, or patients. Reference Bell, Art Ph. D. (2002). Six ways to resolve workplace conflicts. McLaren School of Business, University of San Francisco website. Salami, S. O. (2007). Moderating effect of trait EI on the relationship between emotional labor and organizational citizenship behavior. European Journal of Social Sciences 5(2), 142-150. Reynolds, Stephanie, and Eryn Kalish. (2002). Managing collaborative conflict resolution. McDowell, M. , Coleman, K. , Raines, Amy W. , Seay, and Sullivan, S. (2007). Management Models for Resolving Conflict in the Workplace. Thomas, Rian. (2002). Conflict Management Systems: A Methodology for Addressing the Cost of Conflict in the Workplace. Rahim, M. Afzalur. (2002). Toward a Theory of Managing Organizational Conflict: The International Journal of Conflict Management, Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 206-235. Fleetwood, L. Karen. (1987). The Conflict Management Styles and Strategies of Educational Managers. Mwangi, C. , Ragui, M. (2013). Effects of Workplace Conflicts on Employee Performance in the Air Transport Industry in Kenya. Lim J. H. , R. Yazdanifard (2012). The Difference of Conflict Management Styles and Conflict Resolution in Workplace: Business Entrepreneurship Journal, vol. 1, no. 1, 2012, 141-155. Introduction The researcher chose to investigate the topic. The main objective was to investigate the strategies used by management to deal with conflict between employees and management in Digicel. From the research main object she wanted to find the causes of conflict, also the strategies used to minimize the conflict in Digicel and also the effectiveness of the strategies used by management in Digicel. Digicel is a business that is in the private sector and owned by private individuals. Digicel is a tertiary business which provides services for residential and commercial consumers such as telephone services and also wireless internet to the residential and commercial consumers. Management of Business Internal Assessment Name: Collette fiddler School: Camperdown High School Territory: Jamaica Registration #: Teacher: Ms. Peterkin Centre #: 100115 Date of exam: May 2014 Conclusion The researcher was able to her objective and also justify her aims. She investigated three aims in which they all proved different results but in some way link back to each other. In her first aim she wanted to find out that causes of crime evident in workplaces and in that she found out that there are different causes like poor communication, personality differences, competition for scarce resources and many more. Most of the participants in the research agree with the findings. She also found the strategies that management used in digicel to reduce conflict varies. There were different answers coming from other researchers as well as the employees from digicel. Among the answers were collaboration, mediation, compromising and many more. All of the participants in the research agree with the findings. The researcher also proved the effectiveness of the strategies used and she found out that not all the time the result are positive they also bring negative effects some off the positive effects is that it builds trust between employees and managers. The businesses goal is met with ease on the employeeââ¬â¢s part and also it make for a positive environment in the work place. With those positive effects there is negative effects which are high level5 of stress, anxiety and conflict escalation if the employees donââ¬â¢t agree with the strategy used by management Analysis of data Fig 1 On the graph above it shows a cause of conflict which is clash of personalities. Most of the participants in the research agree that it is a cause of conflict in digicel. 60% of them agreed. Right behind is strongly agree which 23% agreed. While 10% strongly disagree that clash of personality is a cause of conflict and 3% of the recipients disagree. Fig 2 In the pie chart above it shows another cause of conflict which poor communication. Majority of the participants in the research which was 53% said that is only sometimes poor communication causes conflict while 20% of them said that poor communication rarely causes conflict. The percentage remaining recipients wasnââ¬â¢t far apart. 17% said that poor communication causes conflict and 10% said it never causes conflict. Fig3 On the bar graph above it shows that the management style digicel uses which is autocratic contributes to conflict in the organization. The percentages of the responses werenââ¬â¢t far apart, there isnââ¬â¢t a far separation between the responses. 43% of the recipients agreed that the management style sometime contributes to conflict while 30% agreed that it always causes conflict but it isnââ¬â¢t that far from the highest percentage. 17% also agreed that management style rarely contributes to conflict while 10% said never Fig 4 On the graph above it shows cause of conflict that is evident in most organizations which is the competition for scarce resources. Half of the participants which is 50% stated that they strongly agree that competition for scarce resources causes conflict in digicel and the other half of the participants think otherwise. 23% just agree that it causes conflict also 17% just disagree that competition for scarce resources doesnââ¬â¢t cause conflict and also 10% strongly disagree that it does not cause conflict. Fig 5 In the graph above it shows some cause of conflict that most workplace. 47% of the participants from Digicel said that personality differences is main cause of conflict at Digicel. They also said competition for scarce resources is also a cause of conflict. 23% agree with that statement. 17% also said that competition for scarce resources causes conflict. The minority of the Participants said that stress also causes conflict. Fig 6 On the graph above it shows a means of reducing conflict in the workplace which is withdrawing from conflict situations. Not all the participants share the same view. More than half of the participants which is 57% said that they strongly agree that withdrawing from conflict situations reduces conflict also 13% just agree with the statement. Some the participants said otherwise. 20% disagree with the statement saying that it does not reduces conflict and also10% strongly disagree with the statement. Fig 7 On the graph above it shows s strategy used by management to resolve conflict which is compromising. More than half of the participants which is 53% said that they strongly agree that compromising is way of resolving conflict and also 27 just agree with the statement. There were some participants who felt differently about the statement. 13% said that they disagree that compromising is not a way of reducing conflict in Digicel and also 3% said that they strongly disagree with the statement. Fig 8 On the graph above it shows a cause of conflict which is the competition between employees. Half of the participants which is 50% stated strongly agree that completion between employees causes conflict also 27% just agree that it does causes conflict. Not all the participants agreed with the statement a few of them had a different opinion. 13% said that they disagree that competition between employees causes conflict and 10% said that strongly disagree with the statement that it does not cause conflict. Fig 9 On the graph above it shows a strategy used by management to reduce conflict between employees which is collaboration. There is difference of opinions from the participants. Half of the participants which is 50 said that they strongly agree that collaboration reduces conflict between employees and also 27% just agree with the statement but there were participants who thought different. 13% said that disagree. They believe that collaboration between employees does not reduce conflict and also 10 % strongly disagree that collaboration does not reduce conflict. Fig 10 On the graph above it shows strategies used by management to reduce crime. The percentages of the responses are not far apart. 33% of the participants said that negotiation is the most effective strategy used by management to reduce crime at Digicel and not too far back is accommodation that 30% of the participants agree that it is effective. Also collaboration is also said by a few recipients that it is effective and lastly 10% also said that compromising is effective in the workplace. Fig 11 On the graph above it shows that management avoiding conflict causes more conflict in the organization. 50% said that they strongly agree that when management avoids conflict it causes more conflict while 23% just agree that it causes more conflict nut out of the participants you have individuals with a different view on the situation. 17 strongly disagree that management avoiding conflict does not causes conflict and 10% disagree that it doesnââ¬â¢t causes more conflict. Fig 12 On the graph above it shows strategy that management can use to resolve conflict which is mediation. Out of all the participants in the research 50% said that mediation is often used to resolve conflict in digicel and other fifty percent is split up according. 27% of the participants at Digicel said that mediation is sometimes used also 17% said mediation is never used and finally 7% said itââ¬â¢s rarely used. Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-27435731170277733482019-11-27T19:56:00.001-08:002019-11-27T19:56:08.310-08:00The Adoption Of The Controllable Pitch Propeller By The Outside World The Adoption Of The Controllable Pitch Propeller By The Outside World Canada is not exactly known for having produced several ground-breaking inventions or discoveries in her time. However, the period of rapid technological advancement that she incurred during the third period of the history of engineering in Canada brought with it several important engineering inventions which had their roots in Canada. The creation of the controllable pitch propeller was one such invention which was perfected in Canada and was so successful that this primarily Canadian development spread throughout the world. Wallace Rupert Turnball lived in Rothesay and it was there that he carried out his experiments in aeronautical theory beginning in 1902. His specialty was that of dihedrals which he studied in a wind-tunnel. He looked at water borne hydroplanes propelled by motor-driven airscrews. An airscrew the Great Britain term for a propeller. A standard propeller consists of anywhere from two to four blades each a section of a helix, the geometric form of a screw thread, hence the term ?airscrew.? The first plane had two air-screws on each side whereas the second one had only one, more highly efficient propeller located at the rear end of craft, near the pilot's seat. However, both had an uneven torque of engine that was in fact destructive to the efforts of the propeller. Turnball experimented with all different types of air-screws; some with a 30? gauge track that were 300' long for truck. With each air-screw he tested, he recorded the propeller thrust, rpm and the forward speed. What determi nes the forward speed is the distance that a propeller will move in the forward direction when the shaft of the propeller is rotated 360o. Assuming that there is no slippage, this distance is termed the geometric pitch. The propellers that Turnball tested had diameters ranging from 1.5' up to 3.5', all different dimensions and shapes. Upon his return to Rothesay in 1918, after the war, he dove into his research and experimentation on a possible controllable pitch propeller, an idea that he had been developing since the autumn of 1916. He ran several tests using rotating electric motor apparatus in order to spin the blades of his propeller. The finished product was a propeller whose pitch can be adjusted by the pilot, at different angles, during flight giving the pilot the ability to command the optimal combination of torque and speed for the situation at any given moment from his aircraft. By means of a small electric motor mounted just in front of the propeller, the pitch of the propeller itself could eventually be adjusted which makes for more efficient take-offs and regular flight than what would be achieved with an everyday ?fixed blade? propeller incapable of any pitch change. Under the supervision of both the Ontario government and the Canadian Air Force, a ground test was run in 1923 on Avro aircraft at Camp Borden, Ontario only to conclude that more research and experimentation was necessary. Four years later, on June 6, 1927, again at Camp Borden on Avro Biplane, Flight Lieutenant G.G. Brookes took Turnball's controllable pitch propeller for it's first air test. Funding was granted immediately to perfect the invention it was such a success. The news of the Canadian invention spread rapidly. Turnball wrote a treatise based on his discoveries and new found technology called ?The Efficiency of Aerial Propellers? which was published in the Scientific American on April 3, 1909. His second and third publications on the subject were entitled ?Laws of Air-Screws? and appeared in The Aeronautical Journal, in the October 1910 and January 1911 issues. For his studies and discoveries, Turnball was awarded the Bronze Medal of Royal Aeronautical Society and was, in addition, elected a ?Fellow.? Come 1914, Turnball had published several scientific articles and found himself one of the world's authorities on the subject. He sold the patents to the controllable pitch propeller in December of 1929. The Curtiss Wright Corporation won the American rights and the Bristol Aeroplane Company, the English rights. In 1935, the Norseman, the most highly successful bush plane in the world at the time, was designed in Canada by Robert Noorduyn, an aviation engineer trained in Holland. The Norseman quickly caught the attention of Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-56261638160054850832019-11-24T03:31:00.001-08:002019-11-24T03:31:03.691-08:00Hawaiian overthrow essaysHawaiian overthrow essays The 19th century will live in infamy in Hawaiian hearts; it was a century of great change in Hawaiian society. The old system of mana and the sharing of the land were slowly replaced, the arrival of missionaries would signal the period of greatest change in Hawaiian society. Between the arrival of Captain James Cook and the missionaries, the Hawaiian monarchy was able to maintain some sort of independence and keep the old Hawaiian system in place. Everything began to change that eventually lead to the overthrow of the monarchy and the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands to the United States. This was a very long process and it is hard to decipher who was responsible for the overthrow of the monarchy What part did Queen Liliuokalani play in the overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy? What actions did she initiate that provoked the Annexation group to arise and take over the Hawaiian kingdom that would become the republic of Hawaii and eventually be annexed to the United States? Was the queen the one to blame for the annexation of Hawaii? These are some of the questions that I would like to answer. The position of the queen and the influence she had on the whole affair is unclear to me at this point. Queen Liliuokalani was born Liliu Kamakaeha on September 2, 1838. After her birth she was taken away and adopted by Konia, who was granddaughter of King Kamehameha the Great. They did this so that everyone in the higher positions in Hawaiian society would have a stake in everyones family. The whole society was supposed to be like one large family. At age four Liliu attended the royal school Run by the missionaries Amos Cooke and his wife. There she studied for over six hours a day after school and became a very good student. Liliu also developed Christian beliefs that she would carry with her for the rest of her life. The school closed in Liliu went to school closer to home. This made he... Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-6294495168912013642019-11-21T06:29:00.001-08:002019-11-21T06:29:15.674-08:00Civil disobedience is justified when citizens experience injustice EssayCivil disobedience is justified when citizens experience injustice from the government - Essay Example It includes disobeying particular laws that are considered as unjust and other laws in drawing attention to the perceived injustice in the society. Examples of civil disobedience include the Civil rights Movements of 1960s and the recent Arab uprisings in North African countries and Asian countries. Some unlawful acts that citizens may engage in include non-payment of taxes, trespassing to government buildings, and damage of property and obstruction of traffic in the major highways. Citizens accept the adverse consequences of their actions as a means of furthering the objectives and causes. Civil disobedience was a major tactic of advancing the rights of Women in the USA, and the abolition of Apartheid in South Africa in early 1990s. This paper will discuss the reasons why civil disobedience is justified when citizens experience injustice from the government. Civil disobedience has been successful in ending injustice in the society. Many government policies are flawed and civil disob edience is only effective method of ending injustice in the society. Civil disobedience is mainly geared at advancing social issues that affect the majority of the citizens in the society. According to Martin Luther King, Jr letter from Birmingham jail, injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. If injustice affects a single group of individuals directly, it will also affect other members of the society indirectly. According to his letter, the government should address the causes of the demonstrations in Birmingham and not the effects of the demonstrations (Ingram 90). Martin Lutherââ¬â¢s letter clearly indicates that the minority has used all the available channels like negotiation but civil disobedience is the last resort to end the injustice. Negro leaders had sough negotiations but political leaders consistently refused to negotiate in good faith in ending the social injustice. According to Martin Luther, it is essential to create tension if the society has refused to negotiate so that leaders can confront the real injustice issues. According to Luther, justice delayed is the same as justice denied but violence should not be used to achieve justice. According to Luther, racial segregation in the society has denied Negros fundamental constitutional rights thus are justified to demonstrate so that authorities can resolve the injustice (Ingram 90). According to John Locke (1632-1704), the government derives its authority from the people and its major duty should be to protect the basic rights of the citizens. Locke asserts that people have the rights to alter the government if it has failed to protect their fundamental rights. Locke rejects absolute monarchy since it will harm the rights of the citizens to choose their government. According to Locke, the citizens are justified to engage in civil disobedience if their rights and liberties have been violated by government policies. According to Locke, the legislative government should not alter la ws in order to limit the rights and liberties of the citizens. According to the Social Contract theory by John Rawls, free people need to agree on the rules governing their relationships in order to live in harmony. According to Theory of Justice by Rawls, every individual should have equal rights and freedoms in the society and economic inequalities should not disadvantage the minorities in the society. John Rawls assert that all citizens should be treated as ends and no means to an end thus justice can only be attained through fair distribution of resources and according to free choices of the citizens. All individuals are entitled to equal natural rights and the rights protected by justice Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-5266675664883207262019-11-20T06:50:00.001-08:002019-11-20T06:50:02.728-08:00Juvenile Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsJuvenile Justice - Essay Example A result oriented treatment plan consists of: ââ¬Å"screening, assessment, treatment and aftercare protocolâ⬠(NASW, 2008). However, public demand for a tough retributive approach to juvenile crime such as the fatal shooting tragedies in schools, can compel the use of high levels of punishment by the justice system, thus undermining the possibilities of improvement in the youthââ¬â¢s delinquency conditions. In contrast to the punitive or correctional approach, treatment programs help offenders to understand the root causes of their misconduct, experience the rewards of positive or prosocial behavior, and assist youth in re-integrating into the family, school and community. Research reveals that recidivism or relapse rates among those delinquent youth who received some type of treatment was found to be 25% less than among untreated control groups. Further, evidence-based best treatment programs reduce recidivism to an extent of 80% (Gendreau & Goggin: 1). Since juvenile offenders are not identical to one another, individualized treatment for each young person works most effectively when certain common features essential for success of treatment programs are included. Behavior modification techniques for improving interpersonal and basic social skills, self-control, anger management, and resistance to substance abuse have been found to reduce recidivism or relapse by as much as 50%. Behavioral modification techniques punish negative behaviors similar to the correctional model, but also reward positive behaviors (Abrams et al: 9). Those treatments which involve longer contact hours with the emotionally disturbed youth achieve better results, and in institutional settings, treatments given by mental health professionals reveal improved outcomes as compared to interventions by corrections staff. Further, individual counseling that directly addresses behavior, Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-34652069913139589822019-11-17T20:00:00.001-08:002019-11-17T20:00:05.039-08:00What can the HRM department contribute to the development of AssignmentWhat can the HRM department contribute to the development of successful leadership within organization - Assignment Example Thus, paper would be broadly discussing the various elements of HR strategies that promote leadership initiatives within organization for improved performance. HRM and leadership development within organization HRM is intrinsically linked to the people and effective HR strategy is aware of the versatility in the work ideology and functioning. In the emerging challenges of the changing business equations, the organizational leadership redefines strategic goals to create versatility and flexibility of the contemporary work environment. Kotter (1995) asserts that HR strategies promote dynamic leadership which is versatile and capable of exploiting the potential of workers as per the demands of the changing situation. It therefore, helps create effective team that is capable of overcoming the barriers of cross cultural values, self interest and lack of understanding. Leadership initiatives of HRM meeting the challenges of organizational change The organizational change can broadly be def ined as the ability of management to identify and incorporate the factors that increase output and improve the performance outcome of the organization. ... Thus, a better informed leader is capable of taking initiative and at the same time, he is also able to inculcate confidence in his people to adapt to the changes and move forward. Leadership initiatives for HR as proactive human capital Rainey (2006) argues that changing socio economic dynamics have created a highly competitive business environment. The HRM becomes the major enabling factor for leadership initiatives that encourages dynamic strategies and innovative thinking for competitive advantage. Thus, managerial and organizational leadership perspectives become highly critical factors within the wider goals and objectives of the business paradigms. . Commitment to work and loyalty towards employers is considerably increased when the employees are provided scope of enhancing their professional skills and competencies through in-house training and development. Samsung is exemplary example of HRM which has promoted organizational leadership by utilizing its human resource as capi tal investment. The company focused on its strategy of developing research and engineering skills so that it could improve and improvise innovatively on the electrical and digital products of Sony, Phillips, Matsushita and Nokia. It encourages competition amongst the group for innovation and sends potential employees to foreign universities for higher academic qualification. It helps to indigenously develop and foster expert team for improved business performance (Siegel and Chang, 2009). HR leadership that promotes diversity and human competency In the fast evolving environment of multicultural societies, diversity has become intrinsic part of Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5037856512185755109.post-69176255770125350202019-11-15T08:32:00.001-08:002019-11-15T08:32:13.907-08:00Types of Knowledge: Application to MDLTypes of Knowledge: Application to MDL Nonaka and Takeuchi (1995) define explicit knowledge that can be captured and shared and tacit knowledge evolving from interaction from practice. The isolation of explicit knowledge is that information can be replicated without any interaction with the original source. However, knowledge is the continuous dialogue of both means of tacit and explicit. A practice based epistemology therefore assumes that knowledge is acquired through socially constructed practice or routines that workers participate in. It also emphasis that tacit and explicit knowledge are inseparable and are a product of a mutually constructed dimensions. The sector that MDL participates in, there is an emphasis that knowledge is not fragmented but rather specialised and specific to the organisation which will inevitably have features of both tacit and explicit knowledge. Tacit knowledge is impossible or certainly hard to write down and, even if written down, does not express the knowledge adequately. Although engineers can articulate themselves explicitly, the knowledge expressed will always remain tacit. The knowledge of the workers, in the case of engineers, are acquired through formal education and furthermore sustained through a complex web of relationships among people, material artefacts and activities (Gherardi, 2001). The nature of knowledge within a culture is also a key factor, the small group of workers who have worked long term (30%) within the organisation have built up their knowledge over time and will only be partly able to explicitly articulate their knowledge. It is to be noted that different organisational culture has different way in which it formalises knowledge and that could determine the way information is articulated. MDL is a knowledge intensive firm where employees form a major part of the workforce requiring a high level of creativity and problem-solving skills with a constant push for innovation in a competitive market. The pressure towards deadlines makes it hard for workers to contribute to tacit knowledge and subsequently, without workers willing to share or codify tacit knowledge there is a limited success of knowledge management incentives to work.Trusson (2014) found that from a workers perspective that significance of a time pressured environment is a determinant for what knowledge is shared. The majority of the development engineers typically work longer than their contracted thirty-seven hours the argument of work overload being a factor can hinder tacit knowledge sharing. In addition, Qureshi and Evans (2015) are of the view that time and work pressure can make it difficult for the individuals in the organisations to allocate time to engage in knowledge-sharing activities outside of their work related activities. Therefore to understand why workers are not sharing knowledge should not be taken for granted. Consequently, there might a reduction in creativity in knowledge shared due to time pressure, as other senior engineers might view this approach as hoarding rather than intelligent contribution furthermore, lack of time can also constrain knowledge transfer (Leonard, 2014). The willingness to share knowledge plays a big role especially as MDL is operating within a competitive market. The main challenge is to motivate the workers from seeing the contribution not as giving away their expertise but rather facilitating them into seeing it as a mutual benefit for the organisation and a strong identification with the company. Team members may be unwilling to share knowledge and a perception that knowledge will be stolen and used by potential competitors. Since recruitment in MDL occurs annually, the concept of trust can define the degree of confidence of team members in one another this plays an important role in determining the sharing of knowledge. More specifically, trust was more closely related to sharing of tacit rather than explicit knowledge (Becerra et al. 2008). Lack of trust between individuals is likely to correlate to the willingness to share knowledge as it creates uncertainty and risk and additionally the concern that their contributed action will not be reciprocated. Furthermore, a lack of interpersonal trust can create uncertainty about knowledge sharing and can result in conflict within the organisation as study shows by Hsu Chang (2012), who correlated that having similar vision with interpersonal trust within the organisation leading to higher level of knowledge sharing. MDL is represented as a culture that is relatively open and informal and asking for advice is not frowned upon. However, culture difference can impact the outcome of such knowledge sharing activities as no one organisational climate is similar. MDL has 90 employees in total operating in China and furthermore worldwide, Hofstede (1984) explanation on organisations culture state that no one culture is the same, which influences the way knowledge sharing process is conducted. In a collectivist society there is an emphasis that individual does not exist independently but in a network of relationships called Guanxi. Which is embedded within the culture and emphasis trust which plays an important part in knowledge sharing, as discussed earlier. Chinese organisation culture retain more hierarchy structure and traditions than western culture, therefore due to this social belief, junior are expected to follow the advice of their seniors, this unequal knowledge sharing can create an unequal distribution of power, which will be discussed below. Power is defined as the ability of an agent to change or control the behaviour, attitudes and values of another agent (Rahim et al. 2001).The issue of power conflict is typically neglected in KM literature, although being interrelated (Hislop,2009) with knowledge sharing behaviours. Power is usually unequally distributed within organisations, which can create tension between workers and owners and subsequently the level of knowledge shared. A worker can have access to knowledge based power by simply possessing scarce resources and ideas. Therefore the legitimacy of power can influence the extent to which knowledge is perceived and consequently, sharing of knowledge, as power cannot be automatically deemed legitimate by workers. In relation to the engineers in MDL who work in significant fields dedicated to creativity and problem-solving skills, the transferof knowledge might be seen as inadequate due to the level of expertise and the perceived legitimacy from the workers. This can su bsequently amplify tension between workers and their employing organisations, although the workers are seen as a competitive advantage, there is a high (although industry standard) level of staff turnover (10-15%) in MDL. Scarborough and Carter (2000) suggested that its problematic to assume that organisations represent a harmonious environment where people are willing to share their knowledge and that the unequal distribution of power can have an impact on knowledge sharing within the organisations. The use of reward power is visible in MDL, as team members who complete projects on time or early are paid via financial bonuses, this Taylorism or carrot on a stick approach can be used for knowledge sharing behaviour in forms of direct powers. Employees are happier with superiors who possess expert knowledge and who are recognised for personally attractive attributes (Liao, 2008) in contrary to research evidence on managers reference and expert power on the climate of trust. The desirability of expert power is essential as employees look to managers for direction and guidance. Employees need to believe in the managers ability to set direction, give guidance and coordination to achieve good results. If there is a climate of trust demonstrated by managers within the organisation there is a willingness to share knowledge with team members. An organisation where power is only orientated towards reward can actually be detrimental, MDLs workers are a source of competitive advantage, there is no evidence of overtime pay and the bonus is relatively modest for finishing the task on time. Sharing intensive and innovative knowledge is valuable within MDL, and usually requires some levels of trust. The nature of knowledge sharing can also be a factor in the organisations culture, collectivist culture such as China (Hofstede, 1984), emphasise family and work groups above personal individual needs, therefore new employees within the company might hesitate to share knowledge as they are in a disadvantageous position and fear that they might lose face by contributing to an established work culture (Huang et al, 2008). Similarly, long-term employees might not share knowledge due to the fear of losing their experts status to the new comers. These two opposites can further manifest the likelihood of knowledge sharing within organisations as experts might seal themselves off into their own professional group in order to protect their domain of knowledge. The community of practice (CoP) is defined as a group of people informally bound by shared experience and identity (Brown Duguid, 2001) within an organisation. The high overlapping nature of the people within groups is highly dynamic and without the consideration of the difficulties and contradictions it entails could potentially lead to adverse effects within the community. Furthermore, with the acknowledgement of interpersonal trust, the cross-site difference can be more of a hindrance than an enhancement to the organisation. A CoP assumes a familiar territory, a sense of identity, engagement and at large accountability which translates into a form of competence within the organisation. In relation to Chinese collectivist culture, discussed previously, characterised by Guanxi which acts in the interest of the group and not necessarily of individuals can affect the CoP initiatives. Although a collective sense of identity and value within a member of the community can create a bond that facilitates trust, there are potential negative consequences if such bonds are too strong. As the bond can be a basis for exclusion which consequently could lead to new communities being ignored and having their knowledge not taken into importance to the existing community. Furthermore, it was also found that if employees could maintain good relationships without sharing their precious knowledge they tended not to share (Huang et al, 2008) especially in a collectivist culture. This inward looking community can create un-receptiveness within ideas generated outside the community (Brown Duguid, 1998), in this circumstances there might be ignorance to the ideas and shared beliefs transmitted from the headquarters in the UK. Subsequently this could also lead to group think behaviours within geographical diverse locations leading to lower quality in creativity and innovation. In a collectivist culture, a community of practice could potentially be limited rather than extensive leading to a community that is characterised as unwilling to incorporate new and external knowledge. In contrast, an individualist country, such as the UK, the emphasis is on self rather than the interest of the group, community member may succumb to narrow-mind thinking, which can act as brakes to knowledge management initiatives and consequently the relationship of social identity within such groups. Therefore, national culture can shape knowledge sharing across sites. The relationship between culture and knowledge reflects the value of the socialised group since, each site operates relatively autonomously with engineers never working across sites. This could lead to communication problems and furthermore the erosion of ideas across sites. People might therefore act opportunistic as the working environment does not facilitates their contribution to ideas. Therefore, the challenge identified for MDL is to increase shared identity beneficial to positive knowledge sharing and where people are not acting opportunistic or selfish. If a valuable employee leaves MDL, the new organisation will stand to gain an advantage and this will interfere with knowledge continuity within the existing organisation. Another source of conflict within cross-site is the contradictory nature of collective social practice (Lave and Wenger, 1991). Which suggests that while members of a community work together collectively and cooperatively, they are also simultaneously, to so me extent, competing with each other inside their organisations, for example for promotion opportunities. When newcomers arrive at the company, there will be pressure to forge a new identity to participate in existing community of practice. In this case, the newcomers are not exactly progressive as they do not necessarily seek to change the practice more than established members. There is no investment for the newcomer as they are not part of a workplace history thats already established. Therefore, to assume that old timer will facilities the new comers is and can be contradictory. The main challenge is to establish a link and connection that requires the existing members within MDL in helping to develop the knowledge of the newcomers who will, over time, take their place in the organisations. Therefore, the way in which these practices are conducted and continued depends on the characteristics and the organisational culture which is also affected by national culture. There is an influence towards culture attributed in collectivistic societies, of not losing face or wanting to contribute to outgroups, as this process of sharing knowledge might give an impression of bragging. Therefore the old timers might not fully consider the new members as being part of the group, although in the same company, this contradiction of where modesty can cause cultural restriction and reluctance for active participation just so that there is no impression of bragging. National forms of identity can affect the dynamics of the organisations, therefore KM initiatives need to be unique and cannot follow specific routes. Since the other sites are bound by culture distance this could reflect the amount of knowledge sharing that occurs. The emphasis should be focused on collaboration and interaction which leads to greater knowledge being shared. A culture that is open minded at the same time willing to collaborate could lead to knowledge management initiative being successful. Competitive and goal orientated cultures, where the emphasis focuses on striving high and the focus is on winning and success shows hesitancy to share knowledge (Wiewiora, 2012). In MDL there is an emphasis on project completion with an addition monetary incentive to motivate employees. In a high context culture, such as China, it is believed that money and success are interrelated (Chiu, 2002) their uncertainty avoidance culture furthermore reflects the lack of trust between employees and managers. The differences in business practices across cultures can create tension and ambiguity as practices might be difficult to follow in a culture which reflects a different sets of values. An example would be of a culture in UK, where imagination and creativity are encouraged (Hofstede, 1984) and people continue to work in the organisations because of such concepts. This rewarding nature of work makes them feel more committed and connected to the values of the organisation. In essence, money may provide a vehicle for motivation to some extent but this incentive will ultimately fail unless the underlying cultural climate exists that rewards, celebrates, and values knowledge application. A culture that emphasise individuality and acting in the interest of self will lead to knowledge hoarding behaviours (Long and Fahey, 2000). In comparison to a collectivist culture where group collaboration and beingÃâà part of a team will lead to members more willing to contribute (Politis, 2003), as there are more efforts toward maintaining good relationships with people around them. These cultures highly value learning, where people are willing and free to explore, and knowledge creation is encouraged, people do not feel that sharing knowledge will cost them their jobs or the potential to lose face. Another determinant for cross-site analysis is the impact of leadership style and its implication on organisational culture. Transformational leadership behaviours engender attitudes in subordinates leading to the adoption of new practices (Judge, 2004) therefore effective leadership can facilitate knowledge sharing, however, transformational leadership may not be the prime impetus within an organisations as the leaders active involvement could just be an activity rather than direct inspiration. Therefore the challenge lies in creating an equal playing field where leaders emphasis on meeting goals should be aligned with the capabilities of the creative workers in MDL. With senior managers having project teams of eight to ten staffs with a focus on day to day detail there must be a style of leadership that accommodates for the diversity of intensive knowledge workers. National culture perspective could assume that transformational leadership influence is more prominent in culture with high power distance such as China, where the relationship between subordinates and seniors are polarised. In contrast to culture with low power distance where managers rely on teams for their expertise. This conflict within leadership style could hinder KM initiative within the organisation. MDL HQ in the UK must be the starting point for which KM initiatives are implemented. It is not only concerned with creating an appropriate work climate and attitudes but also workers commitment and facilitating of workers loyalty towards knowledge sharing behaviour. A good leader, therefore, should provide their beliefs and set values as to how the groups should function. The senior leaders in MDL should promote in creating an atmosphere for where knowledge sharing activities are promoted. The trend and the shift in the power has changed the dynamic business organisations. For KM initiative to be effective the interests of the company and workers needs to be aligned, in a knowledge intensive firm transformational leaders can develop such working environment. Leaders also develop a culture based on knowledge sharing by highlighting the importance of working together and collaborating in a way that enhances the knowledge sharing capacity within organisations. Knowledge intensive ICT firms in the UK (Analoui, 2012) who engaged in diverse business functions found the effectiveness of transformational leaders for the long-term vision of the company where its primary goals are in the interest for the good of their organisation. Likewise, the workplace in MDL must see the workers as being decision makers within the organisation, allowing the workers to be actively participating and engaging in knowledge sharing activities. Integrating such form of leadership is geared towards motivating and developing plans to achieve organisational goals. Knowledge intensive firms in France (Bacha, 2014) who implemented transformational leadership style into existing practice changed the way employee perceived their jobs which led to enhanced job performance inductive to knowledge sharing. Furthermore, in the case of Alvan Sabet the biggest producer of textiles in the Middle East, through strengthening tolerance and being open minded to errors incurred, transformational leaders were better able to facilitate knowledge sharing within organisations (Gelard, 2014). A leader can also influence the perception of rewards, MDL current level of bonus pay is linked financially and distributed across project teams. Although financial incentive can encourage knowledge sharing it can also lead to knowledge hoarding behaviour, or at times, the unwillingness to share because the knowledge is perceived as being more superior. It is therefore recommended that leadership should not single out a team or an individual for financial incentive as this culture can lead to hoarding of knowledge. Chen (2011) identification of group based appraisal was found to support knowledge sharing. Group trust and a supportive climate for knowledge sharing were positively related to group knowledge sharing in 86 work groups in a high tech industry (Wu, 2016), by publicly praising groups, a group leader becomes a role model for employees to follow. Group based reward acts in the same way as individual reward which is based on performance except the target is set of group within the company. A bonus pool where performance is calculated by senior managers on each project could be reward at six-month intervals or this could be deferred for teams not reaching targets by moving the reward at the end of the year, which could improve the long term view of project in relation to innovation capabilities. Group scheme such as this can foster teamwork and a sense of community amongst workers within the organisation. Another difficulty identified was the lack of social identity and trust within MDL, a lack of identity can create difficulty in knowledge management initiatives. Employees who identify strongly within the organisation are more likely to share the knowledge as the interest and benefit retained are mutual. A good community of practice requires strong commitment from leaders to follow through the initiative and foster an organisational culture that see everyone as equal. MDL engineers are a pool of highly qualified professionals whose interest might be in protecting and sealing the domain of their knowledge. Mangers have the responsibility to cultivate groups of people, the emphasis of community of practice should be around giving independence while also managing through organisational support. Study on AlphaChemicals in Germany (Borzillo, 2011), found the effectiveness of having a step in and step out phase for cultivating such pratices. Rather than having a constant evlaution on proje cts, in MDL, the use of step in (every three months) where managers within sites define specific goals and employees discuss innovative startegies. Whereas with the step out phase, the independece of the group allows for radical innovation for development of smartphones. Hemre (2005), identified groups at Ericsson appointing a community leader to meet on regular basis, focusing on non- work related aspect which created a strong sense of community. In MDL, the senior manager managing the project team could facilitates such events. These events can create a sense of community between different sites, not just for the sense of working but finding a common ground for which team can enhance the level of trust and openness to business practices. Newell (2007), identified that the use of social interaction between Indian firms and US firms through building personal relationships where an environment for effective knowledge transfer was established. This suggest that just because practices are in place does not mean that the level of trust increases, its about finding the mutual ground where community see themselves and innovative enables. In line with this, is the implication of ICT, although information systems might be useful for younger generations, it also needs to facilitate older generations who might not be familiar with such systems. Therefore, mentoring can work both ways, for personal learning and providing encouragement to less experienced workers. Bryant (2005) found that the impact of mentoring in software firms, helped workers learn transferable skills. Furthermore, case study in Lebanese and Iranian bank (Karkoulian, 2008; Bidmeshgipour, 2012) showed that the use of informal mentoring was more effective. In MDL, informal mentoring with good mentors should be a way to bridge the gap in organisational learning and increasing social identities within diverse workgroups. Using informal means of mentoring can furthermore provide informal guidance within organisations such as explanation of unwritten rule within organisation which can also help build up group trust. MDL is geographically diverse, therefore, the use of boundary spanner with ICT can create a synergy to develop a link between sites to foster a virtual community. A strong communication within team members can correlate to creativity and innovation. Olaisen (2016) study on Scandinavian banks found that teams consisting of diverse multicultural professions using ICT online interaction worked very well. In MDL, internet-based channels, such as video conferencing (Skype), could be used to create a global virtual community. An affordable alternative to face to face, this would create a sense of social identity within MDL furthermore facilitating knowledge sharing and foster a culture of cooperation. In MDL the use of a broker (responsibility is taken by senior manager) can connect disconnected ideas by using job rotation across sites, therefore bridging the gap and crafting a common knowledge for mutual understanding. Through shared practices implementing job rotation can facilitate knowledge transfer and movement throughout the organisation, this is especially applicable when organisations possess technical skills. Food links in the field of sustainable food production and consumption, uses brokers as a means to shape group learning process and synthesise existing knowledge (Karner, 2011). Employees, therefore, engage throughout the company and engage in a broader content specific knowledge tasks. Enabling staff to work in different areas of the organisation through cross-functional job rotation can contribute to increased knowledge sharing and the likelihood of expert knowledge being shared throughout the organisation. MDL senior manager across the different geographical sites can act as a broker to sites in-between the face to face meeting conducted every six month with the aim to identify common themes, targets and future goals of similar interests across geographical sights. In contrast to the resource-based approach, Foucaults understanding of power isà fundamentally relational (Foucault, 1972, 1977,à 1978,à 1980). Foucault, a historian,à recognised that a key feature of the development of the modern state was a fundamentalà shift in the nature of power relations. Foucault suggests that in contemporary society powerà is no longer primarily a privilege that one might possess but rather operates within aà network of relations, constantly in tension, in activity (Foucault, 1977, pp. 26-27). Does Stop Motion Animation Have A Future In The Multimedia Era? Does Stop Motion Animation Have A Future In The Multimedia Era? This multimedia project will be to get an answer to this question does stop motion animation has a future in our new multimedia era? the aim of this dissertation is to determine whether traditional stop motion is going to be replaced by digital stop motion and if digital stop motion animation will be replaced by other means of digital animation techniques for example CGI (Computer Generated Images). The reason for choosing this topic as my research basis is because there was always a determination and attraction within myself for learning new thing and techniques about animation so the decision was set to one of the earliest animation forms and the one I admire the most. Application With the help of these case analyses as reference when necessary, I will move to the core part of me of my dissertation. I will put forward the research I made to determine whether stop motion animation has a future in our new multimedia era. Examples of newer technologies, techniques that are currently being used will be put forward and investigate why they seem to be overtaking or changing traditional stop motion. These will be supported by my research work. Discussion between older and newer techniques in the making and production of a film will also be made. A questioner will also be done in order to get a better view of how much people know about stop motion and there actual knowledge of it if they do have one. These will perhaps lead me to answer the question does stop motion animation has a future in our new multimedia era? I will support my argument and say why traditional stop motion is so nice to see almost magical and make everyone fill with joy while watching it, and also as an animator why it is so amazing while creating it actually. Then all descriptions , steps , minutes of discussion and every information that will be necessary will be set forward concerning the post production and production of the short stop motion animation that I will do from all the knowledge and piece of information that I will go through this dissertation. Post production chapter 1 FROM HUMAN HAND TO COMPUTER MOUSE, THE JOURNEY History of animation 1 In this section, a brief history of animation will be elaborated. Important dates will be included within the timeline of animation, leading to when stop motion was first created meaning the very first form of it and also the different techniques that was used. Some facts also will be presented, things that have been longer questioned before, like, the equipment used and why 24 frames per second are being used. Paul wells a Canadian journalist and pundit [Wikipedia Paul wells] later nominated as the director of animation, within the academicals institution [Southborough University school of Art and Design. 2010] talks about some early involvements in animations. He also discussed some equipments used how animation was discovered while experimenting for the cinematic moving image. He also told how since 1798 people have been inventing equipments than can project some drawn moving images. [Wells: A. 2004:88] The Phenakistoscope 1.1 The famous Phenakistoscope was one of Joseph Plateau revolutionary invention that will make a real change in the world of animation, created in 1832 the journey begins here even if this principal was first recognized by the Greek mathematician nuclide and was later experimented by Newton Joseph plateau was the one who further pushed this experiment and developed it. This device was an early form of optical toy that allowed one to see houses or acrobats moves. Luc Sanders, a freelance writer, animator and also a graphic designer with a background in computerized design and animation. He wrote on a website, how the device was made and how using wheel this device was able to create animation. The animation was done by a series of sequence image that was around the circumference of the wheel. This will be translated in nowadays terms as each individual frame used to create a film. Slits are made in the wheel and when this is placed in front a mirror, the device is spun and the animation occurs the picture starts to move. [Picture showman. 2004]Phenakistoscope_3g07690u.jpg The phenakistoscope also known as the phenakistiscope was famous for about only two years as due to this creation this gave great ideas to other invents that will be the future of animation at this time.[Wikipedia 2010] Zoetrope 1.2 Later a derivative of phenakistoscope was the zoetrope. Created around 130 AD by a Chinese inventor ting human and later developed by William George Horner around 1800, who almost received all the credit. zoetrope.jpg It was also called the daedal (ingenious wheel). It only became popular decades later when the French and American marketed it as a toy. Then the American developer, William Lincoln re-named the zoetrope (life turner). Working on the same principals as the fantascope, just that the pictures were drawn on a strip are set around the bottom third of a metal drum, the latter was mounted on a spindle so that it could be spun, and when viewers looked though the slits they could see cartoon strip from a single moving image. [Companion for the apprentice wizard by Oberon Zell- raven heart] Critics of a writer 1.3 Maureen Ruth Furness of president of the society for animation is a writer, animation historian, critic, animation theorist, professor and president of the society for animation studies. [Wikipedia. 2010]. In animation bible she made some analysis about the techniques of stop motion stating that the technique is to be achieved by manipulating objects in from of the camera. Frame by frame.[Furniss:A.2008:232] this book is really a pleasure to read I have received great knowledge from this book as Maureen furnish has been through great detail about the processes, techniques in the creation of animation, and also great examples are also given. The father of animation cartoon 1.4 From the reference to the website, pitureshowman, James Stuart blacktop is known as the father of animated cartoon and born in England Sheffield in 1875. 4064t.gif In 1906 he created the first animated film known as Humorous phases of funny faces, the very first cartoon ever made. The technique he used was stop motion; he drew the faces on a blackboard and filmed it. He then paused the filming and changed the faces and continue his filming repeating the same process to create a moving image. [Mosley. 2010] This technique set a revolution in the 1914th, Windsor McKay a prolific artist, pioneering early animated films far outshone the work of his contemporaries, and also set a standard followed by Walt Disney and others in later decades. By (1867-1934) he invented Gertie the dinosaur one of his best creation ever. [Absolute astronomy. 2010] Van Eatons website discuss how gentile the dinosaur was a little different to humors phases of funny faces, there was a certain interaction between the characters and the animator. For example gentile was instructed to do some tricks like bowing to audience. [Eaton. 2010]gertie_on_tour.gif Furniss theory 1.5 Being inspired by McKay, this technique was further developed and animators experimented with different materials to create 2d stop motion animation.furniss talked about the different types of 2d animation in animation bible [Furniss. 2004] explaining how 2d stop motion animation has many different forms how each technique used is unique. For example to create shadows, sand, salt, pins and cut out bits of paper and many more Medias. From Kuban leviers website, he made a web site on a famous scripter, artist, film director and animator Alexandra korejwo. Graduated from the academy if fine arts in Poznan (Poland), she has been the owner of many distinguished titles and awards. She made animation films in her very own style with the use of colored salt as media.aboutolaglowna.jpgShe then created an animation called Carmen habanera from the same technique and media. She made use of gouache watercolors to change the sands color and the allowed it to dry before to a black colored canvas an d use feathers to manipulate it. [Korejwo-art. 2010] 3D stop motion animation 1.6 Later all these inspiration drew animators to make use of 3d objects to create stop motion animations. From the same book mentioned in the above paragraph, furnish spoke also about 3d stop motion , her description was how 3d stop motion has get quite an advantage in field comparing to 2d stop motion as they were the result of animation such as morph , Wallace and grommet, which were both very popular and famous. In both animations the media use was clay and with the help of this media they made the characters and surroundings as well. makingof.jpg As an example of 3d animation, we can refer to the famous LEGO bricks; this technique is also called the brick film. The animators made use of the bricks of Lego to design an animate a magical world. Later on in 1989, an Australian animator called Lindsay flea that created an animation made from bricks of Lego this film was called the magic portal. This film was sixteen minutes long and took four and a half year complete it .[furniss:A:2008:243,244] More in deep on animation procedures 1.7 According to this book computer graphics multimedia and animation by pakhira, it says there are different types of animation possible, depending on the technique used for depicting animated frame sequences. For example: Cell animation: the most simple and widely used ones. This made use of the onion skinning process, that is animated objects are drawn manually and positioned by using an onionskin- like translucent sheet called a cell. The background is drawn only once and only the moving object is redrawn frame by frame. This concept is implemented as layers on the background. The principal is simple the background is kept fixed and the animated frames (cells) keep changing in between frames. Thus using a different layer for each different object. We also have key frame animation. Key frames are image frames that are designed to identify key positions of the object and mark significant changes and path in the animation sequence. In brief the beginning and ending frames are marked as key frames. This can vary for more complicated film there may be more key frames involved for example in between to introduce an important scene. These help to smoothen the movements of objects over complex trajectory. For linear motion, the frames in between are make using linear interpolation that is also called lerp over the time scale. Now for curvilinear trajectories the technique called spin interpolation is being used. This can be one by the b -spine interpolation, Bezier interpolation or LaGrange interpolation. [Pakhira. 2008:255] The rostrum camera secrets 1.8 Also Jeff golden make reference to the most recognized piece of equipment in the creation of 2d stop motion in his blog. He was talking about the rostrum camera. The rostrum camera is a camera which is pointed downwards, and is parallel to a board (that will be like a stage for the animation). The frames are shots individually while the objects are being manipulated under the camera. A bit similar to when James Stuart blacktop created the famous humorous phases of funny faces. The 3d stop motion process is not different from this one, the same principals are being apply here, however to demonstrate 3d effects and depth of the scene, the camera is positioned to the side of the object. [Golden. 2008] With the fast improvements and evolution of technologies, creating these same effects is now much easier with the help of computers. It gives the same feel like it has been crafted by hand. But does the fact that knowing it has been processed by computers decrease the feel and scenes of magic? Kit laybourne the chief creative officer for the whistle, (a cross media platform concentrating on kids and sports). [wikipedia.2010] says how digital animation uses the same processes as the traditional way but only the tools had changed. He also says how with the help of these new tools the work has become easier to produce. [Laybourne. 1998:65] Why 24 frames per second? 1.9 There one thing that is very important to know while creating an animation, that is the speed that is going to be used, also known as the frames per second. Very often I wondered why 24 frames per second were more commonly to be used by animators. John wyvern had discussed this in a very scientific manner; he said the reason for having 24 frames per second is simply so because the human brains read the images continuously thus giving a feeling that is was only one image that was continuously moving. He also stipulates: Ever since sir Isaac Newton, (1642-1727) scientists had discovered the common effects by the reaction that when the eyes stares a light and then looks away. With this little experiment, the deduction was that the retina retains a bright after-image, which quickly fades out. This is usually known as persistence of vision, this effects or reaction has been use by lots of historians to explain how the eye and brain tend to connect the strings of static images which are projected as a film, that also mentally create the feeling and impression of smooth movement. This information about these changes that are being done in the images are automatically being understood and recognized in a specific area of the brain that is separated from the principal acts of perception. So the result is as long as these images are being played at a speed below the perceptual threshold (film with 24 frames per second) they will be read as continuous by the brain. [Wyvern. 1989:10, 11] The persistence of vision the debate continues. 1.10 This argument and idea of persistence of vision was further explored on the media college website , they agreed with wyverns argument , there was a little controversy saying that these scientists ideas were accused of being false arguments in 1912,as there are no pertaining proof or evidence that this is the way our brain works. This website continues by informing that it is thought that the illusion of continuous motion is caused by unrelated phenomena such as beta movement (the brain assuming movement between two static images when shown in quick succession). [Wavelength Media. 2010] the use of 24 frames per second is also known as, full animation, where each frame is different and is commonly used once, due to accuracy. This is also discussed by furnish in her book called art of motion animation aesthetics. Shes also explored what is called limited animation to get a comparison with full animation. The difference is that it uses less frames and play lot on camera movements to cove r the gap in between the scenes (continuous frames) to form the animation. Furness explains that planning over the art work to create a good flow and sconce of motion if we are reducing the number of drawings. [Furniss: B. 2007:133,134] this would result in less production time also. Two great milestones 1.11 The latter also suggested comparing two different animations to help explain her thesis. She suggested watching Mickey mouse clock cleaners (1937)images.jpg And the birth of astro boy (1963)Astro Boy The Beginning DVD.jpg. The answer was clear after watching these two movies, one could feel as if there were missing parts(frames) in the first film but hereby one could understand the story though and it gives a feeling of heavy busy action that is the scene was too loaded and fast.jules angles, the one who is noted internationally for his great contributions to abstract animation and film,[Tobey cross. 2001] disagrees clearly with furnish thesis saying that there is no such thing as limited animation, only limited talent.. Each style of graphic and each kind of gesture has its own requirements for motion. [Furnish: 2007:136] to conclude both had their own reasons for their thesis. Production chapter 2 Literature review .2 Case analysis of Adam Elliot, cousin 2.1 Adam Elliot also qualified as an independent stop motion animation writer, Clamatorial and director. Born on the 2 of January 1972 in Berwick, with only five films he already participated in about six hundred film festivals and received about one hundred awards. [Wikipedia 2010] His entire great master piece was based on his family member for example, uncle (1996), cousin (1998) and brother (1999) accordingly. This little summary was on a website called Ezine articles. I will concentrate more on cousin, cousin as stated earlier is about Adams cousin, and his childhood friend who had suffered from a cerebral palsy. This tragedy is cruelly ended by some epic scene like liquorices smelling, toe-nail collects, one -armed cricket playing, super -hero costume wearing, and also cake baking and so on This continues when cousins parent was killed in a car crash and he is force to live in a group homeà [i]à . [Ezine articles] According to a blog I found, [the animation blog] it says that this film was originally shot in a small storage unit in the outer suburb of moorabin in Melbourne at a facility owned by his father. For this time, Elliot made use of digital equipment called AVID in order to edit the film footage that was shooting on a 16mm film band. The result of his effort made him win his second AFI award for the best Australian animation. . In a biography by Melodrama Pictures, it is stated that, Adams films have connected with audiences through focusing on loneliness and difference with compassion, humor and pathos. [Melodrama Picture: A. 2007]. To define this film, the characters were basically made from from clay, manipulated by hand to produce a different result motion in each frame. This was originally a mute film and people had to rely only by the characters expressions and narration from William McInnis. This was indeed a good decision to allow McInnis to narrate that eventually helped a lot to understand the feeling of the history and the sadness moments as well as funny ones. The color of the film was perfect for this period of animation revolution if i can say, and with so bringing a good feel of the film. The of the color grey as primary and dominant color was excellently chosen as its a tragedy after all. Scott Iains stated concerning this thesis about color used and the narration perfectly matches the sad tales and the beautiful melancholia of William Mc Inness outstanding narration. [scott.2008] I do believe that this classic is the best in its traditional stop motion way. I am sure if this was done using CGI techniques; the feeling of sadness the mood and the traditional magic that non CGI can replace would be gone. I will also add to this, that this film should not be presented as a cartoon as it has a high degree of mature humor and tragedy. Case analysis of Pixars Monsters Inc 2.2 In this part of my dissertation, I will comment on a famous animation created by the use of CGI techniques, this film is known as Monsters Inc. I will also talk about the great Pixar animation studio that eventually created this film. The aim through this comment and analysis section is to be able to critically analyze this work to be able to give an answer to a specific question. That is there a future for stop motion animation? With the arrival of CGI technologies, this will just keep on lowering my cause. Nevertheless lets not get too shacked away. A brief description of this film will also be given. Peter Wisher, professor and also dean at the school of film and digital media, [Amazon.2004] had also written a book titled moving pixels: blockbuster animation, digital art and 3d modeling today. He says that Pixar studio of animation first started in 1986 and they first begin their career by first creating television advertisements. Also some of the most sophisticated software concerning CGI techniques were designs by Pixar, for example CAPS and Render Man. The revolution continues with the help of Pixar for doing the first fully CGI animated film in 1995 called Toy story. Later on this was continued and many CGI films were made including Monsters Inc which was realized in 2001. [Weisher.p 2004:112] Monsters Inc as guessed is based on monsters that have been fooled in to believe that children are dangerous and that in scaring them this may generate electricity out of their screams. There is a scream business that actually goes out in the film; the story main character sullies (Sullivan) and his one eyed friend Mick. They accidentally let a child came in their town, and soon after, they realized that boo (the child) was not dangerous at all. And those children in fact are not dangerous and that in fact laughter generates more electricity than screaming. This film is completely CGI generated. The reason why these characters look so realistic and are detailed. I could see each of their hair on the characters and more realistic when light reflects in the eyes of the characters. As said , there are 2,320,413 computer animated hairs on Sullivan, and Pixars technical team will tell you that animating all that hair and making it look real was no easy task'[ Pixar . 2010] Unlike in cousin it was not a numb film narrated by an author. But this one each character had their own line to say and in their own voice that give and advantage in realism compared to cousin. In doing so, this has allowed small children to understand the story and to enjoy it as well and elders. The excellent artistic job made in Monsters Inc is flawless. The colors, the background, the lightening and the frame work also the character design was done with perfection. Compared to cousin this can be called a movie for children and this will at the same time make the children less afraid of monsters. A very nice film though. Trial and error analysis 2.3 Stop motion test one 2.3.1 This was my very first stop motion realized after the end of my research work. To give a brief, the work is a white board stop motion. This is basically a numb animation with no voice sound etc This was an 11 photo work. A very short work indeed but that made me realizes lots of thing and mistake. Story line. The story is a little story that is a stick figure trying to go through a rail and puts all his effort in . Comments My comment about this work would be that this was a tough work, why, because to animate frame by frame and to draw it with the same lengths and characteristics with all the detail that was merely impossible for me. I was not even being able to create the effect of motion for this little film. The character was drawn the only part that was moving was the shaft that should be used to pull out the platform on which the animation stick figure was to be pulled on. It was really difficult for me to move more than one part in the work. The animation sticked to only one part of the stick figure to move. As to be able to draw the stick figure with his accessories was difficult as if I did so I would be drawing 50 t0 60 stick figure and there accessories. For this trial a normal camera was taken to shoot the small film. And a professional tripod was also used that why the image do not tremble while playing. White board as media. Working with white board as frame work and also media was very very difficult to manage. This media is so tangible its very flexible and though difficult to get straight lines and therefore accuracy in the drawing is very difficult. I had to erase and re do lots of parts many many times thus this was very time consuming. After late trials, I was very irritated and my sense of creativity has all went away. I was not able to draw and create or imagine anything. So I stopped here and animated it just to see the result. Movie maker as software. Windows movie maker is a very interesting software very simple to use and understandable. I firstly imported the photos and drag them to the story board. Then I selected all the photos and add and effect called speed up double . This made the frames become smaller and then the frames were viewed more rapidly. This is how we can achieve the famous concept of 24 frames per second. Unfortunately as i was not able to work with the media too much i only took 11 photos so its difficult to make an animation of 24 frames per second when we have only 11 frames (photo). Thus the animation was very dull and un-lively. There was less feeling of movement and also less graphic. Second stop motion trial 2.3.2 For my second stop motion trial, I will explore the effects of real stop motion. That is to make a person or living thing to be the subject and character of my stop motion film. This is a little trial movie done that is not very professional without even taking into account light , position, distance, proportion nor frames the work properly. Without using a tripod the work was shooting as far as possible. My main emphasis while doing this trial was to be able to make the person go from one place to another with stop motion technique and without any movement with the legs. Story line. The story or rather path, is to succeed in making my character move from 1 place to another and vice versa without any effort seen in the legs and be able to like slide to the other places, that is without giving the viewer any feeling that the person could had walk to go to this place. Comment. This work was executed more rapidly and smoothly than the first trial. Being a trial more emphasis were made on the main theme of creating movement. But the magic only occurs in a second when you mount everything on the software and you press play its then that those 24 frames per second look totally magical. It was a nice trial for me and gives me lots of practice and experience to do my third trial that will be an improvement of the first trial media and the second trial experience and tactics. To return with this trial, I as the cameraman had pretty much difficulty to shoot and maintain a specific frame work. This is surely shown in the film it trembles a lot. This was done purposely so as to see the difference and difficulties while doing that without the tripod. The animation as implemented on the same software windows movie maker. Final project description 2.3.3 Through this dissertation I will at the end design and mount a stop motion animation. The main reason behind is to actually get to know how much I have been reading and understanding the key fundamentals of stop motion animation. And this project will give support to my dissertation. Story. The story is mainly about a fancy world where the characters here are games, billiard balls and normal playing cards. These characters will do series of movement at the same time giving the audience a scene of magic movement. And will follow a specific track to end the video. Software. As my early trials the only software used through the whole project was windows movie maker. This is great software indeed. Difficulties. The difficulties Ive been through were mainly that the software always had bugs and was very slow to respond. For example after I have imported the pictures, I could wait 10 minutes before the program does any effects to the work. Advantages. The software is very easy to use to search commands. Its work space is very large giving much emphasis on the production rather than unnecessary literature. Anyone can after couples of trials generate a video out of images. Also we have been covering this software through our multimedia program at university o f Mauritius. Process. First of all I started with a great disadvantage. I didnt know that we were not able to take the tripod out of the faculty. So I had to shoot the whole final scene without a tripod and with the use my imagination as far as possible I tried to fix the camera on a cue (this a playing stick made of wood used to play pool and billiard) with great difficulty i started the work. Then I situated all my four main shooting frame position and marked them. After that, the background was the pool table itself with green color. And I started by first positioning the balls in the traditional way for playing pool. Then I manage to move little by little the objects that according to the story board needed to move. After what I changed frame position and introduce my second character the playing card deck. From them following his pattern it moved along the pool table and made couple of movements to finally join the billiard balls. After the entire photo was taken I can now move to the final phase that is the mounting phase. Mounting phase. With the help of windows movie maker, I mounted the work. First of all I imported all the photos I have taken about 250 photos was taken. I then reviewed one by one and erase those that was not ok and were out of frame after assuring that everything is ok I click on import pictures. And then after waiting a couple of minutes for the software to load all these photos, I adjusted the time space of each frames (photo) and also the time of transition. After I added the effect speed double that increased the video display allowing each frame supporting this effect move faster. After all these above steps, the title and the end screen were made. Then the video was saved. After I have viewed the small clip. Past production chapter 3 Chart .3 This is the result of my questionnaire presented bellow. The result is clear and straight forward. As you can see there are many people who dont know about stop motion animation, and if they do know they wrongly associate stop motion with other design animation. CONCLUSION 3.1 In this section I will put all the pieces of the puzzle together (research work case analysis) and try to give and answer to the question set in my introduction, does stop motion animation has a future in our new multimedia era? I will start by a personal feeling of this then I will use the research I have found to support my arguments. Personally, I will say that traditional stop motion will never die and there will always a crazy, ambitious animator designer that will surely make an animation that everyone will keep watching. The simple fact that we as mere human with the means of a camera can make a non living object move and do lots of incredible thing, make a clay get a character and convey a message to an audience, that whets the main talents and animator need to have and let me remind all this is done without any digital equipment like CGI. To support my thesis, Adam Elliot stated, à ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦audiences love seeing things on the big screen they know are not computer generated. When they see the fingerprints on the plasticize, they know that it hasnt been generated by a computer, and theres something magical about that. Thats why I think the art form is here to stay, and will never go away [Elliot. A 2009]. With the research work I have done for this dissertation, I would say that as man saw this extraordin ary means to control people in certain means. Every ambitious person was after some new amendments and invention to try to bring as much audience as possible for their films and inventions. A great example would be toy story created in 1995 which was only sixteen years ago. But the fact is what will happen in the next sixteen Garryhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13201939174764032012noreply@blogger.com0