Fast Food Annotated Bibliographydocx Essay

over the days unfluctuating intellectual nourishment lay down become a multi-billion dollar business all over the world. They are known for their swift service, affordable prices, and tasty, yet un brawny forage for thought. There are a spot of factors that can cause corpulency and i of them is the colossal intake of devalued nutriment that many heap consume worldwide. One third of American adults are obese today and nimble forage is a major reason why. Fast food restaurants are known for having foods high in calories, Trans fat, sugar, salt and carbohydpaces. The distrust today is should closely food be blamed for the high rates of obesity?The reasons vary. Some quite a little think that the cheap prices and the high in fats food make it easier to access to the food and to consume it. other reason why passel choose fast food is because of the incredible low fares. Some state suggest that many people can non afford to buy healthier food, while some suggest tha t people think that everyone has the right to choose what they put in their mouth. Though fast food is not the besides factor contributing to obesity, it is one of the major factors that needs to be turn to in the conversation meet the obesity epidemic.Currie, Janet, Stefano DellaVigna, Enrico Moretti, and Vikram Pathania. The Effect of Fast food Restaurants on fleshiness and Weight Gain. American scotch journal E economic Policy 2. 3 (2010) 32-63. Print. Ogunrinde 2 This bind is comparing how the proximity of fast food restaurants affects the rates of obesity between three million pregnant women and three million children (32). The name spotlights what the rate of weight increase would be depending on where the fast food restaurant would be located.Over several(prenominal) years of this experiment they concentrate oned on ninth graders in California, and pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey, and Texas who had already had at least two children over a course of fifteen yea rs. The authors discovered that ninth graders who had fast food restaurants within 0. 10 of a mile from their school had a 1. 7 percentage retrieve of bring home the baconing more weight rather than a ninth grader who went to a school with fast food restaurants 0. 25 miles away (33). In pregnant women they found that having fast food restaurants approximately 0. 5 miles from where they lived ensueed in a 0. 19 percentage contingency of them gaining weight.They excessively found that the more fast food restaurants in that respect were in an area greatly affected obesity although the closeness of fast food restaurants did not affect obesity. The phrase states that although there is a clear increase in weight gain due to the supply of fast food restaurants, there is no distinguishable increased rates in obesity and weight gain due to the proximity of the restaurants, which made the authors come to the conclusion that fast food does have a major effect on weight gain and obesity rates. This article is featured in the American Economic Journal Economic Policy which is known for put outing a myriad of topics all relating to economics.Some of the topics embroil public economics, urban and regional economics, law and economics, environmental and natural resource economics and many more. This article was written by four distinguished authors. Janet Currie, Stefano Della Vigna, Enrico Moretti, and Vikram Pathania. Janet Currie works in the subdivision of Economics at the capital of South Carolina University. Stefano Della Vigna and Enrico Moretti Ogunrinde 3 both work in the Department of Economics at the University of California at Berkley.Vikram Panthania works at Cornerstone Research in San Francisco, California. The article was published in August 2010 and during this period McDonalds had already established 31,000 plus restaurants worldwide which is another reason why there is a visible rise in weight gain because of the numerous supply of fast food rest aurants available. The fix purpose of this article was to see the effect of fast food on weight gain and obesity rates. new, Lisa R, and Marion Nestle. Portion Sizes And Obesity Responses Of Fast- fare Companies. Journal of humankind Health Policy 28. 2 (2007) 238-48. Print.This article talks slightly portion size and its effect on weight gain and obesity rates. In 2001 the US sawbones general made a call to action on the obesity epidemic. The call of action addressed the obesity epidemic as a major public health problem and their plan was to patron Americans in eating healthier and having more physiologic activity so they could maintain a healthy body weight. He challenged fast food restaurants to lower their portions in their foods. For example MacDonalds had super-size me fries which were 7. 1 fl oz.Burger ability had the King size which was 6. 9 fl oz., and Wendys had the Great Biggie which was 6. 7 fl oz. The large portions of fries, hamburgers, and soft drinks in fast food restaurants were starting to correlate with the weight gain in many adults and children. As the years went by the fast food restaurants started lessening their portions in some places and other propagation they would just transfer the name. Wendys Biggie became a medium and its Great Biggie became a large. McDonalds gave away with the super-size me, Burger King got rid of the King size fountain drinks, and Wendys removed the Great Biggie French fries from their menu.What the fast food restaurants were undeniable to do though was put the number of calories on the menu for each food item. Ogunrinde 4 This article is published in The Journal of Public Health Policy. JPHP is connected with the World Federation of Public Health Associations. This journal discusses public health policies and the many controversial topics concerning it. The authors of this article are Lisa Young and Marion Nestle. Lisa Young is a professor at New York University in nutriment, Food Studies and Pub lic Health. Marian Nestle as well is a professor of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health at New York University.This article was published in 2007, which is pretty outdated and a lot of things have changed in the fast food industry since then. At that time restaurants like MacDonalds, Burger King and Wendys had very large portions of food but they have since lower their portion size in mainly their fries and soft drinks. Jeffery Robert, Baxter Judy, McGuire Maureen, and Linde Jennifer. Are Fast Food Restaurants An environmental Risk Factor for Obesity? Are Fast Food Restaurants an Environmental risk of exposure Factor for Obesity? 3.2 (2006). Web. In this article the authors are analyse fast food restaurants as an environmental risk factor for obesity. What they discovered out was that eating out at fast food restaurants, did indeed result in weight gain and poor eating habits. They discovered that people with children and people who often worked distant of the home tended to eat at fast food restaurants more. They also found that people who lived within a two mile radius of a fast food restaurant was more likely to familiar fast food restaurants along with regular restaurants. There was a connection between the geographic attitude and the amount of times people went to a fast food restaurant.This article was published in the multinational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. This journal is available for anyone to see and it is peer reviewed. IJBNPA focuses on physical activity and the behavioral aspects of forageing. The authors of this article are Ogunrinde 5 Robert Jeffery, Judy Baxter, Maureen Mcguire, and Jennifer Linde. Robert Jeffery received his Ph. D. in Psychology at Stanford University and shortly is the Director at the University of Minnesota Obesity Prevention Center, Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, MN.Judy Baxter is an Associate Professor at the Community and Behavioral Health Colorado School of Public Health . Maureen Mcguire works at Guidant Corporation, Cardiac circle Management Group. Jennifer Linde received her Ph. D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Iowa. She currently is an associate professor at the contribution of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota. They are all experts in their fields which makes them very qualified to publish this article.Lorna,Fraser,ClarkeGraham,CadeJanet,andEdwardsKimberly. FastFoodandObesity A spatial Analysis in a Large United Kingdom Population of Children Aged 1315. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 42. 5 (2012) 77-85. Print. This article identifies how there is an obesity epidemic all over the world in children and in adults. It points out how fast food is a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Their main focus in this experiment is to find out the relationship between fast food consumption and obesity. They conducted the study by getting a group of 4827 participants and surveying them on their fast foo d habits.They found that almost half of the participants ate fast food. Some of the participants only ate it once a month, some every two weeks and some participants ate fast food three to four times a week. They came to the conclusion that people who consumed fast food regularly had a higher BMI than the people who did not consume as very much, also that people should be more informed of the nutritional values in fast food. The article was published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. They publish articles on bar research, teaching, and practice and policy.Their papers focuses on many Ogunrinde 6 different topics like infectious disease, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and so much more. Lorna Fraser received her Ph. D. from the School of Geography, University of Leeds. Graham Clarke is a Ph. D. holder and a professor at the School of Geography, University of Leeds. Janet Cade is also a Ph. D. holder and works at the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. Kimberly Edwards has a Ph. D. and works at the Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham.The article was published in May 2012. Poti, J. M. , K. J. Duffey, and B. M. Popkin. The Association of Fast Food utilization with Poor Dietary Outcomesand Obesity among ChildrenIs Itthe FastFood or theRemainder of the Diet? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99. 1 (2014) 162-71. Print. This article is trying to figure what is causing obesity among children. Is it the huge consumption of fast food or is it the remainder of their diet?They conducted this experiment by studying a group of 4466 children from the ages of 2-18, by studying their eating habits and dietary patterns. What they found out was that half of the children in the study ate fast food and the other half consumed a western dietary pattern which consisted of red meat, desserts, and fatty food. The result was that there was a greater connection with the no n-fast food diet that affected obesity in people. Despite fast food consumption having a great connection with obesity they discovered that a non-fast food diet had a stronger bond with obesity. This article was published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.This journal is a remarkably rated peer-reviewed journal in the nutrition and dietary category. It publishes articles on topics like obesity, nutrition, disease, vitamins, and energy metabolism. The AJCN has been selected as one of the top 100 influential journals by the Special Libraries Association. Jennifer Poti is a graduate research assistant at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Kiyah Ogunrinde 7 Duffey hold a Ph. D. in Nutrition and her research focus is that factors that causes adults to become overweight. Barry Popkins received his Ph. D. from Cornell University and is an obesity researcher and a professor of nutrition at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.The article was published on October, 13, 2013. Trushna, Shah, Purohit Geetanjali, Pillai Nair Sandhya, Patel Bhavita, Rawal Yash, and Shah R. Assessment of Obesity, Overweight and Its Association with the Fast Food Consumption in Medical Students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 8. 5 (2014) 5-7. Print. This article is focusing on the correlation of consuming fast food and how it affects your BMI. They used a 147 medical scholarly persons for this research study and they make full out self-questionnaires describing their physical appearance like weight, height, and age.They found out that 90 percent of the students have eaten fast food, and that 34 percent of those students were pre obese and obese. At the end of the study they found out that 90 percent of the medical students had fast food in their diet but only 22. 45 percent and 9. 52 percent were pre obese and obese. Eating more fast food and having less physical activity caused them to have a higher BMI. The article was published in the Jou rnal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.Their aim is to publish the discoveries of doctors and new researchers. Trushna Shah and Sandhya Pillai Nair are both assistant professor in the department of biochemistry in Gujarat, India. Geetanjali Purohit is an assistant professor in the department of physiology in Gujarat, India. Bhavita Patel is a Ph. D. student in the Department of Biochemistry in Gujarat, India. Yash Rawal is an undergraduate student and works in the department of biochemistry in Gujarat, India. R. M. is a professor and head of department in the Department of Biochemistry in Gujarat, India.