The Relationship between a Parent and Their Child in Khaled Hosseini´s

In Khaled Hosseinis novel The Kite Runner, he illustrates how he develops the characters by dint of their words and actions. Being the main character, emir is faced with the challenge of gaining his fathers affection/approval because he is Babas son. However, how Amir obtains his fathers affection/approval was through iniquitous ways. Baba on the other hand, had trouble showing his fatherly affection to Amir which causes bitterness within their father/son family relationship. In this novel, we bequeath explore how the relationship between a parent and a pincer is shown through their yearning of affection and how it can affect how one would be in the future.Baba is the most cardinal person to Amir because he is Amirs role model and world. How Baba express his feelings of being a parent is shown through his interactions and speeches with Amir. In Babas eyes, he finds it hard to believe that Amir is his son because if I hadnt seen the doctor pull him never believe hes my son (2 3). Amir cannot control himself and is often in the position of receiving assistance from Hassan. Growing up, Baba never had to rely on someone else when he got pushed around from the neighborhood kids. He always showed them up, plainly with Amir, he cant even defend himself without Hassans help. Babas disappoint towards Amir not being able to defend himself furthers their already far relationship. While creating his name, Baba had married a highly educated woman who was regarded as one of Kabuls most respected, beautiful and virtuous lady. For Baba, it was fine to be married to a poet, but fathering a son who preferred burying his face in poetry books to hunting well, that wasnt how he had envisioned it, (19-20). Baba doesnt pass of Amir reading... ...the issue of winning Babas love because he was the legitimate son. The importance of having a healthy parent/child relationship is so that the child grows up to be in the right path and not regret anything. For Amir, that did no t happen because Baba was hardly ever there for Amir. Hosseini displays the two developed characters emotions through their actions and words of how they express their father/son relationship. The relationship between a parent and a child is important because it helps develops the childs character of how they will be in the future. The more care and affection that is given, the better the child understand that he/she is being loved. For Amir and Babas parent/child relationship, they had started onward on the wrong foot, but eventually it had gotten better as the story progress. Therefore, making the child and parents relationship better.

Don Quxiote :: essays research papers

acquire Quixote Renaissance humor with a mod translation A Spanish knight, about fifty geezerhood of age, gave himself up so entirely to reading the romances of chivalry, that in the end they turned his brain, and nothing would satisfy him and that he must ride abroad on his old horse, armed with spear and helmet, a knight-errant, to encounter all adventures, and to redress the innumerable wrongs of the world. As is the case in this epic tale by Cervantes, modern man is not immune to prolonged sustained suggestion. All irony criticizes the imperfect ideas and theories of mankind, not by substituting for them other ideas and other theories, less imperfect, but by placing the facts of life, in mute comment, alongside of the theories. To be put in a more tangible sense, after addressing a subject matter everywhere a sustained period of time one is apt to view them selves in the same light as the character of which they are enamored by. It plagues the news program as high school c hildren take arms and seek vengeance inside schools today. As the Scapegoat they place the blame on television, violent movies, and boob tube games. Theorists and psychologists say that the harsh and abrasive nature of movies like the Matrix and Rambo are absorbed into the maturing mind of adolescence and are seen as fact. As is the case in Don Quixote where our chivalric hero takes arms after reading one to many romance novels. Every one sees the irony of Don Quixote, and enjoys it in its more provable forms. This absurd old gentleman, who tries to put his antiquated ideas into action in a busy, selfish, prosy world, is a figure of fun even to the meanest intelligence. But, with more thought, there comes a check to our frivolity. Is it possible that the criticism is double-edged, and that what we are celebrating with our laughter is the failure of the world? But, Don Quixote, it may be objected, is mad.

Racial Discrimination Essay -- English Literature

Racial DiscriminationRacial discrimination is shown through out the book, To kill amockingbird. During discrimination, many certain people got hurtduring the times of the depression. In this book, tom turkey Robinson wasteased of and discriminated against because he was black. Scout Finchis the narrator of the book. Jem is her brother, and the father isAtticus Finch, the dad and the city shafting lawyer. This book is setduring the depression, so it is kind of hard for people to live withgoing through this time period. Many people atomic number 18 actually hurt and verybadly beaten because of the time that people usually did not likeblacks and some times they did not even like whites at times. Theauthor of To kill a mockingbird, is Harper lee, whose book shows thehard times of companionship and leadership throughout to kill amockingbird, which shows how people are enured and how they act aboutbeing beat up. She also tries to show how people have so bad ideasthat would just be pai nful to someone else still they still think it iscool because they know that they should not be living with a blackperson or a white person. Most of the prepossess that happen in thisbook revolves around the Tom Robinson rape case. This book is set inMaycomb, Alabama.Racial discrimination becomes a big factor in to kill a mockingbird. People said that he existed but jem and I had never seen him. Thereare four kinds of folks in this world, Blacks, Ewells, Cunninghams,and the finches and the neighbors. miss Caroline says to scout that, your father does not know how to teach. That is discrimination byjust guessing that scouts dad doesnt know how to be a teacher. TomRobinson knew that he was innocent and so did Atticus but ... ... a very hardjob because most of the people in maycomb county and the countys allbelieve that blacks are bad and they should be punished for theirrace. This is true because people in the city believe that blacks arebad for the community and they should have to be put in jail if theyare accused and they might not be guilty, but they are still thrown injail because of the outside appearance vividness of their skin. Tellingpeople in maycomb sometimes shows racial jokes while blacks areselfish people, and they should just be put in jail for being selfish.I would hate to always be picked on because what color of my skin Iwas, or if people to make racial comments that maybe I am small, orlike they dont like my racial background. I still believe that peopleall over the world should just come together and share what they knowabout racial discrimination.

Managing Global Expansion Essay -- Business Case Study

This paper examines some of the economic and legal factors that can affect a company as it transitions from a private to a publically owned company. This paper, consisting of four sections describes, discusses, and analyzes the major concerns that the owners of XYZ Construction, Incorporated have on expansion and economics. component oneness covers the macroeconomic factors that influence the operations of the company. Section two focuses on the microeconomic factors that XYZ Construction, Inc. should consider in the domestic and global markets. Section three dissects the legal considerations that ar relative to equipment leases and electronic contracts. Finally, section four will examine the employment and labor considerations that XYZ Construction, Inc. must consider as the company grows both domestically and internationally.Section One - Operational Macroeconomic FactorsEconomics is a multifaceted motif, which is integrated into businesses in different ways, while t his is a large topic it can be dissected into two categories macroeconomics and microeconomics (Executive, 2011). Executive (2011) defines macroeconomics as the study of the overall economy which covers topics such as inflation, employment rates, and economic expansion. Macroeconomics examines bigeminal factors, which can affect multiple markets simultaneously (Executive, 2011). For example, the business cycle is a dynamic topic that can affect multiple economies thus making it a huge macroeconomic topic of concern. Executive (2011) defines the business cycle as period of expansions and recessions in which the United States has experienced since the nineteenth century. An expansion period is defined as a term when the production and employment totals ... ...8180 Executive (2011). Executive concepts in business strategy. Boston, MA Pearson Learning Solutions.Ingram, D. (2011, September 07). The effects of minimum wage from a microeconomic attitude Business and Workplace R egulations. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/effects-minimum-wage-microeconomic-perspective-4859.html Odhiambo, N. (2011). The role of interest rate reforms in Lesotho An empirical investigation. Journal of Applied Business Research, 27(4), 69-77. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com.proxy1.ncu.edu/docview/880069378/131A7212E104929119B/3?accountid=28180Veatch, W. S. (2008). Software leasing revisited Proposal for a UCC article 2A bundle finance license. The Journal of Equipment Lease Financing, 26(3), 1-14. Retrieved from http//search.proquest.com/docview/214623771?accountid=28180

Thomas Hart Bentons June Morning. :: essays research papers

I never go anywhere alone. After a depressive Saturday morning I finally crawled out of bed and went to the Cummer Museum. device is one thing that I dont understand. How people can find deeper meanings from paint on a canvas is Japanese to me. When I image at a painting I see exactly what is being shown and nothing to a greater extent. in that respect is no deeper meaning evident. Being at this museum cranky and only trying to find a picture I felt connected to was almost impossible. It took me about ten minutes to go through the whole museum. only in one of the last sections I went in there was finally more or lessthing that my eyes were drawn to. An image that made me want to find the deeper meaning. Thomas stag Bentons June Morning.From across the room I could see the bright yellow, pink and red flowers. Taking some steps forward there was even more to like. The overall show upance is a depiction of everyday life. The setting is outside in a grassy bea. The sky looks grey but is turning brighter. There is a house in the country whose owner is in the front milking a cow. There is a dead tree that stands bear in the center. The objects that appear closest are a broken fence and the intensely bright colored flowers. All of the objects seem animated and do not seem realistic. The clouds are grey and sharp. Making the viewer feel that something is wrong. It looks like a storm was just taking place. The wind blew the clouds away and is still blowing the grass to the right. Somehow I related to this painting at the moment. Looking back in the distance in the sky you see that there was a turbulent time. Saturday was such an solemn morning. When backing up you see the bottom of the picture. The lush lively flowers show the bright side happy ending. This was my reminder that there is a calm after(prenominal) the storm just like in the picture.After coming home I thought it would be a good idea to do some research. What was going on at the time Benton painte d, June Morning? This would help to solve the mystery of what some of the symbolism was trying to say. Thomas Hart Benton was a regionalist who employ art to depict the experiences of an everyday American.

Thomas Hart Bentons June Morning. :: essays research papers

I never go anywhere alone. After a depressive Saturday morning I finally crawled aside of bed and went to the Cummer Museum. Art is one thing that I dont understand. How people can catch out deeper meanings from paint on a canvas is Nipponese to me. When I look at a painting I see exactly what is being shown and nothing more. There is no deeper meaning evident. Being at this museum cranky and solo trying to find a picture I felt connected to was almost impossible. It took me about ten minutes to go by the whole museum. But in one of the last sections I went in thither was finally something that my eyes were drawn to. An image that made me want to find the deeper meaning. Thomas stag Bentons June Morning.From across the room I could see the bright yellow, pink and red flowers. Taking some steps forward there was even more to like. The overall appearance is a depiction of everyday life. The setting is outside in a dopey area. The sky looks grey only is turning brighter. There is a house in the country whose owner is in the front milking a cow. There is a dead tree that stands rotate in the center. The objects that appear closest are a broken fence and the intensely bright colored flowers. All of the objects seem animated and do not seem realistic. The clouds are grey and sharp. Making the viewer feel that something is wrong. It looks like a storm was just taking place. The wind blew the clouds away and is still blowing the grass to the right. Somehow I related to this painting at the moment. Looking back in the distance in the sky you see that there was a degenerate time. Saturday was such an awful morning. When backing up you see the bottom of the picture. The lush lively flowers show the bright side happy ending. This was my reminder that there is a calm after the storm just like in the picture.After coming home I thought it would be a good intellection to do some research. What was going on at the time Benton painted, June Morning? This would help to solve the mystery of what some of the symbolism was trying to say. Thomas Hart Benton was a regionalist who used art to depict the experiences of an everyday American.

Evaluate How Practitioners Use Text, Symbols and Compositional Strategies to Construct Meaning in Artworks.

Evaluate how practitioners use text edition, symbols and compositional strategies to effect meaning in art excogitates. Artists such as Mexican Frida Kahlo and British Francis Bacon are two 20th Century practitioners who employ text, symbols and compositional strategies to construct meaning about themselves and the wider world in their paintings. Kahlos artworks such as he Self-Portrait as a Tehuana (Diego in my thoughts) and Henry Ford Hospital 1932 provide an insight of her life and her obsessions with child-bearing and her husband, Diego Rivera.Likewise, Francis Bacons Three Studies for the Figures at the Base of a excruciation and his Self-portrait 1971 conveys the suppression of his sexuality and inhumanity of one man to another. Self-Portrait as a Tehuana (Diego on my thoughts) 1943 Oil On Masonite 29 7/8 x 24 Gelman Collection, Mexico City Self-Portrait as a Tehuana (Diego on my thoughts) 1943 Oil On Masonite 29 7/8 x 24 Gelman Collection, Mexico City Frida Kahlos artwor ks usually construct meaning done compositional strategies including autobiographical references and personal symbolisation.Kahlos ethnicity also has a significant impact towards her art making practices such as the continual themes of life and death. Her excessive fascination towards childbearing and her husband, Diego Rivera was evidently portrayed in her artworks such as her Self-Portrait as a Tehuana and Henry Ford Hospital. Kahlos Mexican assimilation is highly apparent through the traditional Tehuana costume found in her self-portraiture artwork whilst a sense of estrangement and detachment from this culture is manifested in her artwork Henry Ford Hospital through her representation of Detroit where she had experienced her guerilla miscarriage.Kahlos life was perceptibly dominated by her psychoneurotic love and constant thought of Diego that is has impacted her artworks thematically. This notion is evident in her self-portrait painting where Diegos toy dog portrait appea rs on her forehead that literally and metaphorically signifies Diegos presence in her mind, which was also conveyed in the subtitle of her work Diego on my mind. Diegos repetitive influence on Kahlos work is again presented in another artwork however conveyed in another context.Kahlos stillbirth in Detroit (Henry Ford Hospital), painted in 1932 elucidated her emotional and strong-arm agonies from her miscarriages within her marriage to Diego. This artwork supports the notion of Frida Kahlos infatuation towards child-bearing whereby the six floating images that connects to her lower abdomen by an umbilical cord-looking red lines precisely references to her second miscarriage. Henry Ford Hospital, 1932 Oil on metallic element 32. 5 x 40. 2 cm Collection Museo Dolores Olmedo Patino, Mexico City. Henry Ford Hospital, 1932 Oil on metal 32. 5 x 40. 2 cm Collection Museo Dolores Olmedo Patino, Mexico City.Kahlo also uses symbolism and texts to convey the depth of her artworks in relations hip with her personal emotions and life experiences. The artwork Miscarriage in Detroit evokes the excruciating experience that she had with childbearing whereby the six floating images suggests a sense of detachment and loss of control of her body. It also educes her constant link with Diego through the floating foetus that was named Dieguito meaning little Diego. A snail was utilize to represent the slow torment and horror of losing a baby while the railway car is to symbolise her medical impersonality.Fridas study of medicine prior to her bus accident enabled her awareness towards the impact of her bus accident to her body and bones. This incident importantly affected Kahlos artworks and was evidently revealed in her Miscarriage in Detroit painting where the images of a pelvis and a side-view of a female anatomy represents this event on with an orchid that her husband Diego gave her. The concepts of connection and detachment are some(prenominal) portrayed in this artwork wher eby the floating images are connected to her through the umbilical cord-like chain of mountains connecting to her uterus.This string-like line links the objects to herself advocating its personal connection to Kahlo. The floating images also metaphorically suggest her detachment to the place where she had her second miscarriage. Kahlo also used personal symbolism to convey meaning in her artworks, which was clearly portrayed in her Diego on my mind painting in 1943. Diegos obvious domination in Kahlos life is evident in her artworks where her obsessive love and constant thought of Diego has become a thematic notion in most of her paintings.Diegos miniature portrait on her forehead indicates her obsessive love and constant thought of him. Due to this desperate infatuation of Diego, she painted herself in the costume that he greatly admired to attract and entice him closer to her. The roots of the leaves surrounding her head metaphorically symbolises a pattern of a spiders web in whi ch she hoped to trap her prey, Diego. The impassive image of Riveras face on Kahlos forehead however indicates her psychological obsession towards Diego but also of her philandering husbands tarnished indifference to her feelings.Surrealist artists such as Frida Kahlo evoke the meaning of their artworks through the use of symbols, texts and various compositional strategies. Musee National dArt Moderne, Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris Francis Bacon, a British panther elucidates his personal emotions through abstraction and surrealism which are evident in his artworks such as his Self-portrait 1971 and one of his triptych series Three Studies for the Figures at the stem of Crucifixion in 1943-1944. Bacon portrays both the suppression of his sexuality and similarly to Kahlos feeling of detachment and hostility.His Self-portrait 1971 conveys a provocative and disturbing representation of Bacon, one which embodies the painters strong feelings of despair and vulnerability that was possib ly caused by the suicidal death of his lover Dyer during the same year. This distorted image of himself intensified with his use of broad-brush strokes, as well as the dark colours which are made harsher and more prominent but the added whites and blues. His emotionless state and detachment from the audience was symbolised through his grim eyes thus also conveying his constant motif of death and silent screams.The name of his artwork is somewhat ironical towards his painting as the text states that it is a self-portrait however, it was distorted and perhaps metaphorically referring to his emphasis to the suppression of his sexuality. Bacons artwork Three Studies for the Figures at the Base of a Crucifixion in 1943-1944 summarises themes explored in his previous paintings, including his examination of Picassos biomorphs and his interpretations of the Crucifixion and the Greek Furies.Bacon did not realise his original intention to paint a large crucifixion scene and place the figures at the foot of the cross. The structure of the artworks when put together does not convey any commonality thus further emphasising his personal emotions towards the feelings of displacement. The brightness and contrasting colours used in this artwork signifies the chaotic environment that he was in. The third image illustrates an open and gaping mouth as if it was screaming out of pain.This idea references mainstay to his childhood and the suppression of his sexuality. The screaming object in the painting is a representation of Bacons emotions during the times when homosexuality was a crucial topic to the society. The artists Francis Bacon and Frida Kahlo both convey the meaning of their artworks with references to their personal life experiences through the use of symbols, texts and compositional strategies.

Negotiation Skills

Effective negotiation skills be becoming increasingly of import for todays global commercial enterprise. A hole of epoch is spent negotiating in a global setting as companies and individuals conduct work. This paper will attempt to critic ally assess the signifi evictce of extend ethnical negotiation skills for the success of supranational conjugations and alliances. To begin with let the definition of negotiation be deduced. Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan (2004) identify negotiation as a sequence of actions in which two or more parties address demands, initiate, conduct or terminate operations in a foreign country.Gulbro and Herbig (1995) define it as the process by which at least two parties try to reach an agreement on matters of mutual interest. In order to be successful in much(prenominal) a diverse and complex business environment, negotiators essential be globally aw are and prevail a frame of reference that goes beyond a country or region and encompasses the w orld (Fowler, 2005). International executives attempt to negotiate for an optimal solution minimizing conflicts and maximizing gains. According to Martin et al. 1999) a suck negotiation strategy is the most important factor for successful international business relationships. Cross cultural negotiation skills are vital in todays business. It is not just near closing deals besides it also involves looking at all factors that asshole influence the proceedings. Cross cultural negotiation skills not only shows the large number involved how to start from a strong position and find putting surface ground with others, but also provides practical techniques for to use when talking and bargaining during business ( Kozicki, 2005). great deal from other countries and cultures do subjects variantly. For alliances and mergers to succeed, these cultural residues must be taken into account when negotiating to reach a deal that will last and bring benefits to both sides. thusly as these p eople play an essential role for the success of merging companies, it is crucial to have an see to iting of dissimilar national and organisational cultures. Cross culture is an inherent art of the overall corporate culture of the firm, which is applicable for all international alliance and merging married persons (Luo,1999). Negotiation skills bring added challenges that ease the international negotiator to understand how followers from other cultures view negotiation and how they think it should be handled (Michal, 2005). Although thither may be much commonality between members of both sides it should not be sour that people have the same benefits, values or priorities as each other. Nowadays, businesses of all sizes search for international partnership.The increasingly global business environment requires the draw close to the negotiation process from the global business persons point of view as the process can be complex and difficult but will create huge opportunities to develop and increase success in avoiding barriers and failures in international mergers and alliances. As wizard partner better understands that the other partner may see things differently, they will be less plausibly to perk up negative assumptions and more likely to make progress when negotiating.Nations tend to lead a national character that influences the type of goals and process the society pursues in negotiations and this is why specifying and consciousness cultural differences is vital in order to perform successfully in inter-cultural communication (Copeland, 1996). In addition, for international mergers and alliances to succeed, it is important for both sides to agree that no one approach is better than other. Lack of cross- cultural skills can cause difference in problem-solving and decision making and this can easily lead to misunderstanding.Therefore it is important for everyone involved in the proceedings to be able to use a range of decision making and problem solving techniques. Nonetheless, companies from other countries run into problems which stem from cultural differences and this leads to difficulties between negotiating parties. Negotiators from cultures that place a high grandness on punctuality and schedules are more prone to set deadlines and then make concessions at the last minute to meet the schedules than are negotiators from cultures that place less importance on punctuality and schedules.They may underestimate the importance their counterparts place on the negotiations if their counterpart arrives new-make and do not adhere to schedules due to leave out of cultural awareness (Daniels et al, 2004). Furthermore, one counterpart may understand and be adaptive to the others culture. Therefore it is important for both parties to have some cross-cultural knowledge as this will determine at the start whether they will follow some form of adjustment. The choice of response should be highly capable on how well both sides unders tand each others culture.cross-cultural negotiation skills provide people with increased knowledge which means people have the opportunity to progress at international level. For alliances and mergers to work, there must be collaboration between the two parties for the betterment of both. Kanter, (1998) argues that communication is important to achieving synergism between partners. It is harder to derive the benefits of cooperation and easier for rivalries to escalate when there is no relationship history to draw upon.Stereotypes are a pitfall when attempting to create an international merger or alliance. National stereotypes prejudice groups in the absence of evidence and should be avoided at all times. An entire culture cannot be relegated to one or two usually held attributes. Culture is a very complex issue encompassing a plethora of subjects. A groups customs, belief systems, values and behaviour must be understood in order to fully realise a successful partnership in a busin ess context. A key percentage of successful international negotiation is effective ross-cultural communication. This requires that negotiators understand not only the written and oral language of their counterparts, but also other components of culturally different communication styles (Cullen and Parboteeah, 2005). In essence, it requires an understanding of the more subtle, nonverbal aspects of communication as they play a vital role in understanding the communication process. Cross-cultural communication problems can arise in any(prenominal) given situation, even huge co-operations can fall into this problem.For example, when the U. S. car manufacturer Chrysler merged with the German Daimler Benz ships company in 1998, problems arose out of their different decision-making processes. Chrysler was accustomed to making quick, highprofile decisions while Daimler Benz, with their hierarchical system, were utilize to a slow, cautious business model with low fill for public pron ouncements. Cultural difficulties deceasered between the more easy-going and more flexible style of Chrysler and the well structured and bureaucratic style of Daimler-Benz.All of this was as a result of the different working styles, decision making and communication processes within the company (Shelton, 2003). The incompatibility of the two different cultural aspects was realised too late and became very difficult to be overcome. In the end it was no merger of equals but one company dominating over the other. This case shows the different aspects of the need for cross- cultural awareness as its importance must be considered in cross-border alliance and merger processes in order to become global players.Negotiation involves clear communication which involves important skills such as understanding, speaking and listening. It is not possible to have one skill without the others. Negotiation is most effective when people are able to clearly identify and discuss their source of disagre ement and misunderstanding. Very different cultural attributes were evident when the French Pharmaceutical company Rhone- Poulenc merged with the U. S. keep company Rouer. Not only did the Americans take issue with the French peoples lax attitude owards time-keeping and punctuality, they also had to deal with their propensity to express their emotions. Emotional outbursts such as crying or shouting were commonplace in the French company as they are not considered shameful on the contrary, the French parlance soupe au lait, used to describe such outbursts, is believed to aliviate stress, allow them to vent anger and present them from bearing grudges (Dornberg, 1999). Perhaps the best example where cross-cultural negotiation skills were used effectively is in the case of Colgate Toothpaste Company.In 1985, the U. S. Colgate Palmolive Cooperation bought Hong Kong based Hawley & Hazel Chemical Company. Hawley & Hazels Toothpaste, Darkie had a 70% market share in Asia and it featured a smiley man in black face and a top hat resembling a minstrel or Al Jolson. This image presented no protests in Asia since the association with the image was with brilliant smiles. However, Colgate knew the connotations of the name and image of the toothpaste would be offensive to many U.S. minority groups and therefore had to enter into lengthy negotiations with the Hong Kong Company with a view to changing the name and image of the toothpaste. In order to give customers in Asia time to get accustomed to the new name and image, changes were brought in generally over a year long time frame. Eventually the product was called Darlie and the image replaced by a racially-ambiguous smiling character in a black tie and top hat (Morrison and Conaway, 2004).In all these examples, the negotiation skills in a cross-cultural context were successful as the negotiators took into account cultural differences, while allowing for compromise to take place. Negotiators were undoubtedly familiar wit h Hofstedes models of value systems and used his suggested five fundamental dimensions to national culture Hierarchy, ambiguity, individualism, achievement- orientation and long-term orientation to their advantage. Negotiation skills are essential in determining the terms under which a company may enter and operate in a foreign country.International negotiations occur largely between parties whose cultures, educational backgrounds, and expectations differ, it may be difficult for negotiators to understand each others sentiments and present convincing arguments. Negotiation skills offer negotiators a means of anticipating responses and planning an approach to the actual bargaining (Daniels, et al 2004). The key to effective alliances and mergers is skillful management of relations from the initial handshake onward.In cross-cultural alliances and mergers there is great challenge because each party brings different cultural schemata to the table by which they interpret events. For exa mple, the French dislike being rushed into discussions, they cull to examine various options in decisions and negotiations are likely to be in French unless they occur outside France. Punctuality is expected and they tend to be dress in their negotiations and do not move quickly to expressions of goodwill until the relationship has existed for some time.Negotiation skills call for creative thinking that goes beyond the poorly ruling out compromise such as those arrived at when there is a rush to solve before an effort is made to compensate. A deep understanding of the true and often manifested nature of the underlying challenge is required if a long term solution is sought. Many conflicts that on the surface seem to be purely about resources, often have significant components related to issues of participation, face saving and relationships.For negotiation to work in international mergers and alliances, people need to be able to share their needs and fears with each other. Negot iation skills include being well prepared, showing patience, maintaining integrity, avoiding the presumption of evil, controlling emotions, understanding the role of time pressures, falling out down bigger issues into smaller ones, avoiding threats and manipulation tactics, focusing first on the problem rather than on the solution, seeking for interest-based decisions and rejecting weak solutions (Richard, 1999).All of these help one way or another when thinking through challenging or difficult business situations and also play a huge role in successful negotiation. The skills help negotiators to learn about other peoples preferences and also make their own clear. As logic is not the only thing that prevails in bargaining efforts it gives people time to work out essential problems especially when dealing with someone of a dissimilar culture and additional time may be needed to work out an agreement (Brett, 1998). In some cases emotional outbursts tend to escalate rather than solve a conflict.This can be extremely difficult for some people to hide their emotions and this can permit negative emotions which can take control of some negotiators due to lack of skill. Business partners negotiate through life and while there may be no easy answers that will fit every negotiation need, there are many important skills that will help to become more effective. Without the relevant skills negotiation will not prosper in the absence of accommodating decision-making as it will suffer absence of commitment and participation from the individuals part.Limited knowledge of either the alliance or merger partners languages or cultures puts them at a disadvantage. They may hold power by maintaining a percentage of shares of the venture, but in reality many lose power through ignorance. Skilled negotiators spend twice as much time asking questions as opposed to average negotiators. They probe to clarify issues and understand underlying drivers and reasons for the placement a giv en party has taken. Talented negotiators also try to understand what the other side wants so they can develop a solution that satisfies all parties.Skilled negotiators also make many more positive comments than average ones (Hayman, 2007). This emphasises and builds on the good in the negotiation to make it easier to deal with other issues. Without any knowledge of the other partys culture they may not have any idea of what the other side wants and therefore, it is vital to explore more options to test limits. These skills help to think about how the partner should be approached, what can be given away, and what must remain non-negotiable and all is due to tolerance for differences in culture and outlook.No matter how many companies want to merge or become an alliance, success rests upon skillful management from the beginning and without this relationship between the business partners will suffer from poor initial planning, mismatched expectations, poor communications, inequitable p ower distribution and inadequate negotiation potential and decline can be quite rapid. Success rests in accepting the other partner despite differences in values, beliefs, educational experiences, ethnic backgrounds or perspectives.The skills involved permit partners to examine a problem from all sides, and to promote understanding and interest in the other without necessarily agreeing to one partys viewpoint. Genuine interest in contributions help to build consecrate and this provides a foundation for continuing relationship and also eases future efforts to solve problems ( Herbig and Kramer,1991). The negotiation skills allow everyone involved in the business to make suggestions openly without fear of criticism and is accepted.All negotiations are completed by consensus and a negotiated solution is reached when every partner has given up something to gain common benefits. A hypothetical example of a skilled negotiator dealing with another in a foreign country could be that they b oth have identical proposals and packages. If one has no knowledge of cross-culture believing the proposal will speak for itself and the other party has the knowledge which involves the culture, beliefs, values, etiquette and approaches to business, meetings and negotiations the latter will most likely succeed over the rival.This is so because it is likely they would have endeared themselves more to the host negotiation team and would be able to tailor their approach to the negotiations in a way that maximises the potential of a positive outcome. It is very important to know the commonest basic components of our counterpartys culture. It is assign of respect and a way to build trust and credibility as well as advantage that can help us to choose the right strategies and tactics during the negotiation.It is not possible to learn another culture in detail but when something is learnt especially at short notice the best that can be done is to try to identify superstar influences that the foreign culture may have on making the deal (Salacuse, 1991). Apart from adopting the other sides culture to adjust to the business environment, obstacle in finding common ground, focusing on common professional cultures may be the initiation of business relations.The skills needed to approach negotiation differs crosswise cultures, for instance the Japanese will negotiate in teams and decisions will be based upon consensual agreement while in Asia decisions are usually made by the most senior figure and in Germany, decisions can take a long time due to the need to analyse information and statistics in great depth. Clearly there are factors that need to be considered when approaching cross-cultural negotiation. Through having the skills, business personnel are given the appropriate knowledge that can help them prepare them effectively and this will help succeed in maximising their potential.CONCLUSION In an increasing global business environment, cultural misunderstandings may sabotage even the simplest negotiation therefore, cross-cultural negotiation skills are an essential, highly accessible resource for navigating boundaries for the success of international mergers and alliances (Brett, 2001). It helps to understand how people from different countries behave and conduct business, also to close deals that create value, resolve disputes to preserve relationships, and make decisions that get implemented around the world.Cultural negotiating skills are necessary for managing in multinational network organisations. Managers heading abroad to negotiate a deal, businessmen relocating to foreign countries, multicultural teams within large organisations and individuals involved in international merger and alliance activities are those who will benefit having the skills to negotiate and acquire knowledge and development that are indispensable in todays global business world.If there is no knowledge of cross-cultural negotiations involved, a great deal of diffic ulty in understanding the findings of cross-cultural experiments concerning co-operation and conflict will arise because the partner or partners identity is not clear to the subjects in the business (Smith and Bond, 1993). Negotiation is a specific type of interaction that should be know to partners and professionals. For mergers and alliances to succeed those involved must also recognise that cultural differences can lead to different behaviours and assumptions at work and that these can sometimes cause misunderstandings or delay.Despite their risks, mergers and acquisitions are becoming increasingly common events as a result of rapid globalization and it is important for those involved to aim to develop levels of cultural awareness and understanding within organisations so that their clients can operate more effectively and profitably within the global market place. Negotiation helps to put things in context, gives a broader perspective, and increases the likelihood that an agreem ent that comports well with the interests of constituents will be reached. In addition, careful attention should be paid to the interests of other parties in the negotiation process.This can help to craft a solution that makes for a successful negotiation (Cohen, 2002). Finally, everyone must do their best to learn about the cultures of their negotiating partners as this drives decisions and the more they comprehend in their strategy and tactics, the greater the likelihood that the agreement they reach will provide their negotiation partner something to bring back to whomever they consider the powers that be. Negotiators need to be well prepared for the beginning, collecting information from possible sources, clarifying their objectives, and setting their limits.During the negotiation, the relationship orientation is most important. An appropriate emphasis on time should be considered. At the end of the negotiation, consensus is the most important consideration. The success of inter national business relationships depends on effective business negotiation. If negotiators are well prepared, understanding how to achieve international business negotiation outcomes and the factors relevant to the process will allow negotiators to be more successful. Word count 3,185

Raider’s of the Lost Ark and Film Violence Essay

Raider ButtonsIn his book, More Than a Movie Ethics in Entertainment, F. Miguel Valenti examines nine earnest buttons of violence creative elements that film assumers use to manipulate viewers reactions to onscreen violence. (99) These elements, posited by researchers conducting The National Television Violence Study (Valenti, 99) are filling of perpetrator, choice of victim, presence of outlets, rewards and punishments, the priming coat for the violence, weapons, realism, use of humor, and prolonged exposure (Valenti, 100) . Raiders of the Lost Ark is a violent, yet well loved film which would be interesting to examine in this light. In Raiders, the choice of perpetrator is our hero, inch J aces.We do not think of him as a perpetrator, he is the good guy, yet he is shown bringing close to the demise of many people. Victims of violence can be portrayed as likeable, in which case the effect on the auditory modality is to increase fear and anxiety. If violence can happen to so meone *like* me, it can also happen *to* me, they reason (Valenti, 101), however, if the victim is dissimilar to the viewer and NOT likable, the viewer can more(prenominal) easily either rationalize the violence or dismiss it because in some way the victim got what he deserved (Valenti, 102). The victims in Raiders are Nazis, not everyday Joes, their characters are not individualized, or if they are, they are over-the-top evil, like Arnold Ernst Toht the sadistic and ruthless Nazi Gestapo agent (Raiders). Raiders is chockfull of weapons knives, machetes, submachine guns, and firearms of all sorts. Weapons in most cases firearms of one sort or another can trigger aggressive feelings in viewers and cause them to interpret a seemingly neutral situation as potentially threatening (Valenti, 104).This is knowledge Steven Spielberg puts to good use in the scene in Raiders where a Nazi approaches the bound Marion ominously with a vile feel weapon in hand, viciously flicks it open and hangs his coat on the wooden hanger (Raiders). This leads us to the subject of humor in violent situations. humor strips violence of the honourable outrage the viewer might otherwise feel. And if our hero can joke about the destruction he is causing, surely we can as well (Valenti, 107). indium Jones is confronted by a large, sword wielding man and after watching his elaborate swordsmanship, Indiana tiredly pulls out his gun and drops him with one bullet to the rousing cheers of the audience (Raiders).Social scientists state that when violence is shown in context, complete with depictions of the pain and suffering caused by the violent acts, aggressive behavior in the viewer is inhibited(Valenti, 102). If a violent act is rewarded through the perpetrators attaining his goal or getting the girl, the likelihood of learning aggressive behavior is increased (Valenti, 103). After Indiana Jones battles his way onto a ship, hes so bruised he cant move, so Marion, a beautiful woman, kiss es the pain away. This is the only physical consequence we see Indie suffer (Raiders). In Raiders of The Lost Ark, the violence is abundant from beginning to end, a death tally of 63 (allouttabubblegum) but we accept it because it is eternally the bad guy getting hurt a greedy guide is skewered by a bed of nails, a relentless thug is chopped by a plane propeller, and numerous Nazis meet their comeuppance by having their faces melt off (Raiders).The violence is often gory and realistic. According to the study, the reason for the violence tends to involve the viewers response to the violence. When a violent act is seen as unjustified, aggressive tendencies are reduced in the viewer (Valenti, 103) the body count of Raiders consists entirely of Nazis, baddies, and thugs, which would make the audience tend to feel less anxious, and thus according to Valenti, actually increase the viewers aggressive tendencies (103). If the existence of audience created websites such as The incredi ble Melting Nazi (YouTube) posted in the Comedy section, can be used as evidence, there may be something to that. Works CitedASHPD24. (Indiana Jones And The) Raiders Of The Lost Ark (1981) consistency Count Breakdown. AllOuttaBubbleGum.com. WordPress, 31 January 2010. Web. 15 January 2013.Raiders of the Lost Ark. Dir. Spielberg, Steven. Paramount, 1982. Film. TheScarredLovers. The Incredible Melting Nazi. YouTube.com.You Tube, L.L.C., 23 May 2008. Web. 15 February 2013Valenti, F. M. (2000). More Than a Movie. Boulder, CO Westview Press. Print.

Evaluation of the Endosymbiosis Theory

Evaluation of the Evidence The modern version of the endosymbiosis hypothesis was developed and promoted by Dr. Lynn Margulis in 1970. The term endosymbiosis comes from endo meaning within, and symbiosis which occurs when two different species benefit from living and working together (Genetic Science Learning Center). This hatchway proposes that the organelles of eukaryotic cells, specifically the mitochondria and chloroplasts, were in one case free-floating bacteria that were ingested by larger, prokaryotic bacteria by means of endocytosis.The host bacteria benefitted from the engulfment of the organelles as they were able to carry out functions, such as cellular respiration, more efficiently than the host itself could. Therefore, the free-living bacteria were not digested, and consequently over time their DNA was combined with the host bacterial cells DNA to eventually develop a new form of cells called eukaryotes.One of the most eminent pieces of evidence that retains the hypoth esis is that although prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells are quite distinctive in physiological characteristics, some of the organelles of eukaryotes share a number of staggering similarities with prokaryotes. Like prokaryotes, the mitochondrion and chloroplast both replicate through means of binary fission, contrasted the eukaryotic cells that contain them, which undergo mitosis.Moreover, prokaryotes and the abovementioned eukaryotic organelles have circular DNA, whereas eukaryotes have linear DNA. The size of the DNA is also a factor in the theory as the prokaryotic DNA and the DNA of the organelles is similar in size, and much smaller than that of eukaryotic cells. The dissimilarities between the physical characteristics of the DNA in the eukaryotic core and the DNA in the organelles lead to the impression that the organelles were once bacterial (prokaryotic) symbionts (IUPUI Department of Biology).However, since the DNA in the nucleus and the organelles replicate independ ently of each other, in that respect is the possibility that random mutations may have occurred, thus causing the discrepancies in the DNA over a certain period of time. Therefore, this evidence is not conclusive conclusion that the organelles are possible descendants of ancestral bacteria. Additionally, chloroplasts and mitochondria are surrounded by a double membrane. This provides further evidence to the endosymbiosis theory because it suggests that these organelles were ingested by a primal host (Genetic Science Learning Center).To explain this circumstance, the host cell ingests the bacterium through phagocytosis a form of endocytosis which results in an additional lipid bilayer formed by the vesicle membrane, in addition to the bacteriums inner plasma membrane (IUPUI Department of Biology). There is no other known cause as to why these organelles have double membranes, other than the widely-accepted endosymbiotic theory. In the field of science, a theory is a well-establi shed explanation based on extensive experimentation and observation, and is primarily accepted as fact by the scientific community (Genetic Science Learning Center).Although some of the evidence provided in support of the endosymbiosis hypothesis is not irrefutable, there is more evidence is support of the theory, than there is against it. Therefore, in my opinion, the amount of research put into this topic over the years and the various evidences that have been unearthed in support of it, as well as the lack of proof against it, lead me to accepting this theory as conclusive. However, I also want to note that research is forever and a day being done, and in the near future it is possible that scientists may propose new, improved theories.REFERENCES Genetic Science Learning Center (1969, December 31). The Evolution of the Cell. Retrieved on October 8, 2012 from http//learn. genetics. utah. edu/content/begin/cells/organelles/ IUPUI Department of Biology (2002, January 14). The Endo symbiotic Theory. Retrieved on October 8, 2012 from http//www. biology. iupui. edu/biocourses/N100/2k2endosymb. html Caprette, D. R. (2008). Evolutionary Origin of Mitochondria. Retrieved on October 8, 2012 from http//www. ruf. rice. edu/bioslabs/studies/mitochondria/mitorigin. html

Health and Safety Qcf Level 5 1.1

The Health and asylum at Work Act 1974 is the major piece of the wellness and sanctuary legislation in spacious Britain. It provides the legal frame break away to promote, stimulate and encourage high standards. The Act, when first introduced, provided an integrated system dealing with workplace health and risklessty and the protection of the public from work activities. By placing general duties upon employees, employers, the self-employed, manufacturers, designers and importers of work equipment and materials, the protection of the law, rights and responsibilities are available and given to all at work.Regulations made under the Act have the same backcloth and provide the potential to achieve clear and uniform standards. Examples of such regulations are The Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999The Workplace (Health, Safety & Welfare) Regulations 1992 early(a) health and safety legislation includes Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981 provide a fram ework for first aid arrangements in the workplace.The regulations require provision of adequate and captivate first aid equipment and trained personnel so that first aid notify be administered to employees. Electricity Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 Electricity can kill. Each year about 1000 accidents at work involve electric shock or burns are reported to the Health and Safety Executive Manual Handling The Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 Lifting and moving loads manually is the biggest cause of injury, so it is important to make use of every lifting equipment that is provided.In regards to fire, employers must carry out a fire safety risk assessment and keep it up to date. This shares the same approach as health and safety risk assessments and can be carried out either as part of an overall risk assessment or as a separate exercise. establish on the findings of the assessment, employers need to ensure that adequate and appropriate fire safety measures are in p lace to minimise the risk of injury or injustice of life in the event of a fire.To help prevent fire in the workplace, your risk assessment should identify what could cause a fire to start, i. e. sources of sacking (heat or sparks) and substances that burn, and the people who may be at risk. Once you have identified the risks, you can take appropriate action to control them. For businesses employing five or more people, there must also be an official record of what the assessment finds (your employer has to put plans in place to deal with the isks) and a formal health and safety policy which include arrangements to protect your health and safety In Northern Ireland we have The Health and Safety at Work (NI) Order 1987 Duties of Employers An employer has a general duty to, as far as is reasonably practicable, safeguard the health, safety and welfare of employees by ensuring plant and equipment are safe safe handling, storage, sustenance and transport of articles and substances pro vision for employees of information, instruction, training and supervision a safe working environment and adequate welfare facilities safe access and exit and a safe system of work The reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995 (RIDDOR) The Regulations cover employees, self-employed people, members of the public and other people who die or suffer injuries or conditions listed in the regulations as a result of work activities. The arrangements for reporting accidents changed on 1st April 2001. There is now a simplified procedure to report all cases to a single point, the Incident Contact Centre. Employers have a duty to report incidents that lead to staff being off work for seven days or more. On the 1st of April 2013 this will change to 3 days.The Health and Safety Executive NI are responsible for enforcing health and safety at work and occupy to influence the development of appropriate codes, standards or guidance, through the provision of operatio nal intelligence (from inspection and investigation) Failure to comply with these requirements can have serious consequences for both organisations and individuals. Sanctions include fines, imprisonment and disqualification. If a health and safety offence is committed with the consent or connivance of, or is attributable to any neglect on the part of, any director, manager, secretary or other similar officer of the organisation, then that person (as well as the organisation) can be prosecuted under naval division 37 of the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.

Tok – Art as an Area of Knowledge

TOK Assignment Art can be of speckled forms, ranging from instillations to painting to music to dance. Each of these practices of device have diverse impacts on ships company. However at once irrational exuberance of the contemporary art market is about the breeding of money and have lost the fertility of art. I really believe that art is what humans created as a highest explanation level to fully clarify the perspectives and especially emotions of human beings. Art does non have any specific meaning, thither are so many varied elements in an art work that a myriad of viewers can appreciate as well as criticize.I have always believed that after an artist finishes a painting or a dancer finishes a show, their dedication, commitment and meaning for those forms of art becomes extremely negligible. It is how the audition reciprocates to it, and perceives it is what is important. Interpreting art allows us to interpret the psychological complexity within a person, their reactions to forms of art their emotions and perceptions towards it makes it easier to analyze their characters. For instance at the Kala Ghoda Art Festival, this instillation highly struck me.The color is what created the main impact. Black placed ahead of golden, the first thing than came to my mind was how is todays world it is always the evil that has interpreted over the good. Since Ive always perceived black to be evil, and golden/yellow being the good or the brighter color showing the brighter side of life. It too showed me how the good always follows the bad, and in reality especially in todays fast growing generation this is how the world has started functioning. This gives a very(prenominal) negatively charged outlook about life, and thus I personally did not like this concept much.First look, it appears to be neat and nice but gradually upon analyzing it I did not like the concept at all. Art is more than just self-expression and communication. It is a type of language, understandi ng and emotional outlook of an individual. If we go to see, art is everywhere. The world revolves or so the different forms of art, every part of the world has its own unique art forms. This has been passes on from our ancestors, therefore it does shape our society till an extent. There have been instances when society has revolted against certain art forms, leading to a high controversy.This is highly debatable as every individual has their own rights, however cultural beliefs and society pressures leads to them compromise on those rights. Some countries have always portrayed women in the artworks, showing the gender discrimination. However due to this, the societys opinion towards women has changed drastically. If they change this, and curtly only men are seen all over the artworks be in instillations or painting or sketches, it will shape the growing generations mindset in a different manner.Taking art in the form of music or maybe dance, definitely affects and reflects emotio n. It is that form of art which can be taken and the musicians or dancers knowledge can be extracted through it. At the Kala Ghoda Festival the live performance was all in all breath taking. It appealed to the audience and was able to reach their senses. That also brought out the Indian ethnicity with it. Those beats were brilliant and I personally was very appealed by that performance. Performing humanities is another very broad medium of art, allowing varied amounts of portrayals.It is where language and reasoning can be effectively demonstrated with the help of language certain times. so to conclude, art is very broad comprising of different forms which all ass to a different meaning. However, its interpretation can differ from the persons culture to their bodily fluid to their personal values. It acts as an opportunity for the growing kids to find out their strengths and gives them an opportunity to explore various fields. Their skill in different forms of art is also very vi tal in gaining knowledge about them as a person.

Introduction Speech Guideline

The Day I was Born Speech For your Introduction language you get come on present a brief pitch on the twenty-four hour period you were born. This speech is meant to be an icebreaker and is your time to introduce yourself to your fellow classmates and me. Do some research and find out a few interesting pieces about the day you were born. If you cannot find anything you would like to use on the exact day, you may expand out to the week, month, or year. enthral try to stay within the year though.Your speech should focus on 2-4 specific topics such as a lattice event, a natural disaster, a musical group, a technological achievement, another wink in history, etc. (keep in mind the time limit). Use the library resources tab on Blackboard to help you with your research. Skills focus Show ability to do minor research and effectively present Ideas at an introductory level. Formal Introduction to course concepts will come with future class lectures, and practice of these concepts will co me with future formal speeches. Grading This speech is worth 25 points.You may earn up to 15 points for the existing speech and up to 10 points for your research worksheet and works cited. Requirements 0 2 minute extemporaneous presentation (e. G. Meaning prepared from note cards). DO NOT manuscript your speech (write it out word-for-word). You are allowed a 30 second buffer on either end beyond that, there is a 2 point loss. 0 sail through the research worksheet (attached) and use it as a guide to help you. C Works Cited page (Pick MEAL or PAP, but be consistent) this should only include the actual citations you use In your speech. See BlackBoard under Documents/Websites for formatting help.Q Minimum of 3 sources of your choice please note, Walked does not count as a source. even out incontestable you are checking the credibility of your sources, as well (we will cover this more in chapter 7). You may use some wiz you interview as one of your sources. Please note it is ALWAYS i mportant to orally cite your sources throughout your speech see BlackBoard for handout (we will cover this more in chapter 7). 0 No more than 3 one-sided EX. note cards (or equivalent). Visual aids are not required for this speech. You will need a brief introduction that leads into the 2-4 items that you chose to tell us about, followed by a brief conclusion.Be creative. Here Is a sample introduction 0 I was born In the spring of 1 974, April 24th to be exact. I share my birthday with Barbara Strained, Cedi the Entertainer, novelist Sue Grafton, and the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. It was a year of Impeachments, atomic scares, and kidnapped millionaires. But on the torrid spring afternoon I was born, political turmoil was the order of the day. (category) order. See the index of your textbook to find more information on these organizational patterns. discombobulate While you will not have a lot of time to go into great detail, pick a few things that you can expand on in your speech alth ough briefly.Practice in front of a clock or timer to be sure you are speaking for roughly 2 minutes. Please Note This is Just an ice-breaker speech to get you into the speech presentation mode. This is meant to introduce you to what is expected (in a more polished manner) in future speeches. Make sure to email me or see me in person if you have any questions or need any help. The Learning Assistance Center located in the University Center 170 is available to assist you. Good luck and have fun with this speech Name Research Worksheet What day was I born? Who world power I interview to find out more about the day I was born? 1 . 2.What are three very specific questions I would ask about the day I was born? 1 . 3. What resources might I use to find out information about the day I was born aside from interviews? I have provided three list three others that you use (or may use) in your research efforts. 1 . Facts on File knowledge domain News Digest you can access this through Steely Library online. 2. Time Magazine you can access this through Steely Library online or in person. 3. The New York Times you can access through Steely Library online or in person. 4. 5. 6. What are three things that I found in my research that are interesting enough to mention in my speech?

Gender Identity Paper Essay

Since the middle of the twentieth century, psychologists, physiologists and medical professionals have been increasingly interested in the ways horm iodins impacted human beings behaviors. The dramatic get on which scientists had been able to make was due to extensive knowledge of pharmacology and chemistry, which could be used to study neuronic events that came as a result of hormonal activity in humanness. Hormonal influences on humans were harder to register than those on other species, due to the fact that researchers could not perform laboratory studies with the use of placebo (Hines, Brooks & Conrad, 2004).Thus, the up-to-the-minute information with regard to human versedity and sexuality identity was mostly obtained from other studies, including the studies of abnormal hormonal activity in patients with hereditary disorders. Pfaff, Philips and Rubin (2004) write, that hormone / behavior relations always serve either homeostasis or reproduction. A whole redact of horm ones works to maintain w eightsome, temperature, and fluid balance in human organism. Hormones impact human responses to stress and pain, but hormonal influences be not limited to common behavioral reactions.Hormones are directly and indirectly linked to gender identification, and although alliances between human sexuality and hormones leave often room for further research, professionals are confident that hormones are the critical factors of gender identification in humans. From the point of view of physiology, mammals are usually divided into the two large (male and feminine) gender categories. The formation of ones gender begins at chromosomal level. For the majority of mammals, the homogametic sex is womanish, and if not influenced by male hormones, a phenotypic female with XX chromosomal pattern develops.In the presence of the Y chromosome however, a locally acting protein transforms gonads into testes, which suffer numerous peptide hormones, androgens, and determine ma sculine gender differentiation (Gallagher, Nelson & Weiner, 2003). Testosterone predetermines the develop workforcet of external genitalia in boys androgenic receptors and 5-alpha-reductase which are present in all females, may also lead to masculinization of female genitalia. apart(predicate) from impacting gender identity, hormones are directly responsible for a whole set of behavioral responses. Hormones work in ways that facilitate processing of sensory information in humans.Females have generally greater sensitivity for chemosensory stimuli. This sensitivity is further enhanced by increased periovulatory estrogen concentrations (Gallagher, Nelson & Weiner, 2003). Given that hormonal impulses in men are different from those in women, men lack this kind of responsiveness, which is also suggestive of the positive relationship between hormones and human behavior. Extensive research of genetic disorders and sexual differentiation suggests that the formation of ones sexual identity is also influenced by factors other than hormones.Social environment and psychological traditions may evoke irreversible impacts on ones gender identification. These influences are particularly visible in humans with physiological pathologies and genetic disorders, which lead to phallic inadequacy or absence. In the study by Reiner and Gearhart (2004), pop out of sixteen subjects with diagnosed genetic disorders fourteen had been raised as females. Later, under the impact of physiological changes only eight of them changed their roles to males, with the rest spending their lives as females.These findings prove that identity is influenced by the whole complex of hormonal and environmental factors and researchers are still unable to determine, which of these factors produces the critical impact on gender differentiation in humans. The integrity is that neither behavioral, nor psychological or hormonal factors can be held responsible for sexual differentiation in humans. In reality , human differentiation is the result of a series of genetic and hormonal events that influence the instruction of the internal and external genitalia (Sytsma, 2006).Whether gender identity is impacted by hormonal or environmental factors is not always clear, but it is clear that there is a whole continuum of gender experiences between female and male genders and how humans identify themselves in this gender continuum testament depend on the whole set of genetic and hormonal influences, as well as the external environment in which humans are raised. Conclusion For years and decades researchers believed that hormones were the critical factors determining gender identity in humans.With the extensive knowledge of genetic and sexual disorders, researchers have gradually come to realize the role, which environmental and psychological factors played in ones sex differentiation. Neither hormones nor biological or psychological factors can be held responsible for the growth of gender ide ntity in humans rather, a whole complex of genetic and hormonal influences will determine the paths of gender formation and differentiation in all human subjects. References Gallagher, M. , Nelson, R. J. & Weiner, I. B. (2003). Biological psychology. John Wiley and Sons. Hines, M. , Brook, C.& Conway, G. S. (2004). androgenic hormone and psychosexual development core gender identity, sexual orientation, and recalled childhood gender role behavior in women and men with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. diary of Sex Research, 41(1) 75-81. Pfaff, D. W. , Phillips, M. I. & Rubin, R. T. (2004). Principles of hormone behavior relations. Academic Press. Reiner, W. G. & Gearhart, J. P. (2004). Discordant sexual identity in some genetic males with cloacal exstrophy assigned to female sex at birth. The New England Journal of Medicine, 350 (4) 333-341. Sytsma, S. E. (2006). Ethics and intersex. Springer.

Fast Food Annotated Bibliographydocx Essay

over the days unfluctuating intellectual nourishment lay down become a multi-billion dollar business all over the world. They are known for their swift service, affordable prices, and tasty, yet un brawny forage for thought. There are a spot of factors that can cause corpulency and i of them is the colossal intake of devalued nutriment that many heap consume worldwide. One third of American adults are obese today and nimble forage is a major reason why. Fast food restaurants are known for having foods high in calories, Trans fat, sugar, salt and carbohydpaces. The distrust today is should closely food be blamed for the high rates of obesity?The reasons vary. Some quite a little think that the cheap prices and the high in fats food make it easier to access to the food and to consume it. other reason why passel choose fast food is because of the incredible low fares. Some state suggest that many people can non afford to buy healthier food, while some suggest tha t people think that everyone has the right to choose what they put in their mouth. Though fast food is not the besides factor contributing to obesity, it is one of the major factors that needs to be turn to in the conversation meet the obesity epidemic.Currie, Janet, Stefano DellaVigna, Enrico Moretti, and Vikram Pathania. The Effect of Fast food Restaurants on fleshiness and Weight Gain. American scotch journal E economic Policy 2. 3 (2010) 32-63. Print. Ogunrinde 2 This bind is comparing how the proximity of fast food restaurants affects the rates of obesity between three million pregnant women and three million children (32). The name spotlights what the rate of weight increase would be depending on where the fast food restaurant would be located.Over several(prenominal) years of this experiment they concentrate oned on ninth graders in California, and pregnant women in Michigan, New Jersey, and Texas who had already had at least two children over a course of fifteen yea rs. The authors discovered that ninth graders who had fast food restaurants within 0. 10 of a mile from their school had a 1. 7 percentage retrieve of bring home the baconing more weight rather than a ninth grader who went to a school with fast food restaurants 0. 25 miles away (33). In pregnant women they found that having fast food restaurants approximately 0. 5 miles from where they lived ensueed in a 0. 19 percentage contingency of them gaining weight.They excessively found that the more fast food restaurants in that respect were in an area greatly affected obesity although the closeness of fast food restaurants did not affect obesity. The phrase states that although there is a clear increase in weight gain due to the supply of fast food restaurants, there is no distinguishable increased rates in obesity and weight gain due to the proximity of the restaurants, which made the authors come to the conclusion that fast food does have a major effect on weight gain and obesity rates. This article is featured in the American Economic Journal Economic Policy which is known for put outing a myriad of topics all relating to economics.Some of the topics embroil public economics, urban and regional economics, law and economics, environmental and natural resource economics and many more. This article was written by four distinguished authors. Janet Currie, Stefano Della Vigna, Enrico Moretti, and Vikram Pathania. Janet Currie works in the subdivision of Economics at the capital of South Carolina University. Stefano Della Vigna and Enrico Moretti Ogunrinde 3 both work in the Department of Economics at the University of California at Berkley.Vikram Panthania works at Cornerstone Research in San Francisco, California. The article was published in August 2010 and during this period McDonalds had already established 31,000 plus restaurants worldwide which is another reason why there is a visible rise in weight gain because of the numerous supply of fast food rest aurants available. The fix purpose of this article was to see the effect of fast food on weight gain and obesity rates. new, Lisa R, and Marion Nestle. Portion Sizes And Obesity Responses Of Fast- fare Companies. Journal of humankind Health Policy 28. 2 (2007) 238-48. Print.This article talks slightly portion size and its effect on weight gain and obesity rates. In 2001 the US sawbones general made a call to action on the obesity epidemic. The call of action addressed the obesity epidemic as a major public health problem and their plan was to patron Americans in eating healthier and having more physiologic activity so they could maintain a healthy body weight. He challenged fast food restaurants to lower their portions in their foods. For example MacDonalds had super-size me fries which were 7. 1 fl oz.Burger ability had the King size which was 6. 9 fl oz., and Wendys had the Great Biggie which was 6. 7 fl oz. The large portions of fries, hamburgers, and soft drinks in fast food restaurants were starting to correlate with the weight gain in many adults and children. As the years went by the fast food restaurants started lessening their portions in some places and other propagation they would just transfer the name. Wendys Biggie became a medium and its Great Biggie became a large. McDonalds gave away with the super-size me, Burger King got rid of the King size fountain drinks, and Wendys removed the Great Biggie French fries from their menu.What the fast food restaurants were undeniable to do though was put the number of calories on the menu for each food item. Ogunrinde 4 This article is published in The Journal of Public Health Policy. JPHP is connected with the World Federation of Public Health Associations. This journal discusses public health policies and the many controversial topics concerning it. The authors of this article are Lisa Young and Marion Nestle. Lisa Young is a professor at New York University in nutriment, Food Studies and Pub lic Health. Marian Nestle as well is a professor of Nutrition, Food Studies and Public Health at New York University.This article was published in 2007, which is pretty outdated and a lot of things have changed in the fast food industry since then. At that time restaurants like MacDonalds, Burger King and Wendys had very large portions of food but they have since lower their portion size in mainly their fries and soft drinks. Jeffery Robert, Baxter Judy, McGuire Maureen, and Linde Jennifer. Are Fast Food Restaurants An environmental Risk Factor for Obesity? Are Fast Food Restaurants an Environmental risk of exposure Factor for Obesity? 3.2 (2006). Web. In this article the authors are analyse fast food restaurants as an environmental risk factor for obesity. What they discovered out was that eating out at fast food restaurants, did indeed result in weight gain and poor eating habits. They discovered that people with children and people who often worked distant of the home tended to eat at fast food restaurants more. They also found that people who lived within a two mile radius of a fast food restaurant was more likely to familiar fast food restaurants along with regular restaurants. There was a connection between the geographic attitude and the amount of times people went to a fast food restaurant.This article was published in the multinational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. This journal is available for anyone to see and it is peer reviewed. IJBNPA focuses on physical activity and the behavioral aspects of forageing. The authors of this article are Ogunrinde 5 Robert Jeffery, Judy Baxter, Maureen Mcguire, and Jennifer Linde. Robert Jeffery received his Ph. D. in Psychology at Stanford University and shortly is the Director at the University of Minnesota Obesity Prevention Center, Academic Health Center, Minneapolis, MN.Judy Baxter is an Associate Professor at the Community and Behavioral Health Colorado School of Public Health . Maureen Mcguire works at Guidant Corporation, Cardiac circle Management Group. Jennifer Linde received her Ph. D. in Clinical Psychology from the University of Iowa. She currently is an associate professor at the contribution of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota. They are all experts in their fields which makes them very qualified to publish this article.Lorna,Fraser,ClarkeGraham,CadeJanet,andEdwardsKimberly. FastFoodandObesity A spatial Analysis in a Large United Kingdom Population of Children Aged 1315. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 42. 5 (2012) 77-85. Print. This article identifies how there is an obesity epidemic all over the world in children and in adults. It points out how fast food is a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Their main focus in this experiment is to find out the relationship between fast food consumption and obesity. They conducted the study by getting a group of 4827 participants and surveying them on their fast foo d habits.They found that almost half of the participants ate fast food. Some of the participants only ate it once a month, some every two weeks and some participants ate fast food three to four times a week. They came to the conclusion that people who consumed fast food regularly had a higher BMI than the people who did not consume as very much, also that people should be more informed of the nutritional values in fast food. The article was published in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. They publish articles on bar research, teaching, and practice and policy.Their papers focuses on many Ogunrinde 6 different topics like infectious disease, nutrition, diabetes, obesity, and so much more. Lorna Fraser received her Ph. D. from the School of Geography, University of Leeds. Graham Clarke is a Ph. D. holder and a professor at the School of Geography, University of Leeds. Janet Cade is also a Ph. D. holder and works at the Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom. Kimberly Edwards has a Ph. D. and works at the Centre for Sports Medicine, University of Nottingham.The article was published in May 2012. Poti, J. M. , K. J. Duffey, and B. M. Popkin. The Association of Fast Food utilization with Poor Dietary Outcomesand Obesity among ChildrenIs Itthe FastFood or theRemainder of the Diet? American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99. 1 (2014) 162-71. Print. This article is trying to figure what is causing obesity among children. Is it the huge consumption of fast food or is it the remainder of their diet?They conducted this experiment by studying a group of 4466 children from the ages of 2-18, by studying their eating habits and dietary patterns. What they found out was that half of the children in the study ate fast food and the other half consumed a western dietary pattern which consisted of red meat, desserts, and fatty food. The result was that there was a greater connection with the no n-fast food diet that affected obesity in people. Despite fast food consumption having a great connection with obesity they discovered that a non-fast food diet had a stronger bond with obesity. This article was published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.This journal is a remarkably rated peer-reviewed journal in the nutrition and dietary category. It publishes articles on topics like obesity, nutrition, disease, vitamins, and energy metabolism. The AJCN has been selected as one of the top 100 influential journals by the Special Libraries Association. Jennifer Poti is a graduate research assistant at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Kiyah Ogunrinde 7 Duffey hold a Ph. D. in Nutrition and her research focus is that factors that causes adults to become overweight. Barry Popkins received his Ph. D. from Cornell University and is an obesity researcher and a professor of nutrition at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.The article was published on October, 13, 2013. Trushna, Shah, Purohit Geetanjali, Pillai Nair Sandhya, Patel Bhavita, Rawal Yash, and Shah R. Assessment of Obesity, Overweight and Its Association with the Fast Food Consumption in Medical Students. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research 8. 5 (2014) 5-7. Print. This article is focusing on the correlation of consuming fast food and how it affects your BMI. They used a 147 medical scholarly persons for this research study and they make full out self-questionnaires describing their physical appearance like weight, height, and age.They found out that 90 percent of the students have eaten fast food, and that 34 percent of those students were pre obese and obese. At the end of the study they found out that 90 percent of the medical students had fast food in their diet but only 22. 45 percent and 9. 52 percent were pre obese and obese. Eating more fast food and having less physical activity caused them to have a higher BMI. The article was published in the Jou rnal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research.Their aim is to publish the discoveries of doctors and new researchers. Trushna Shah and Sandhya Pillai Nair are both assistant professor in the department of biochemistry in Gujarat, India. Geetanjali Purohit is an assistant professor in the department of physiology in Gujarat, India. Bhavita Patel is a Ph. D. student in the Department of Biochemistry in Gujarat, India. Yash Rawal is an undergraduate student and works in the department of biochemistry in Gujarat, India. R. M. is a professor and head of department in the Department of Biochemistry in Gujarat, India.

It’s Not Child Labor, its Child Abuse Essay

Patrick Kearny, a nine and a half year old boy died in a horrible mine accident (Freedman 52). Hes not the nevertheless one. In the twentieth Century, many children got personal deformities and were in accidents while they were working their tough, harsh jobs. Many young working children got diseases. Others got foul ruin. Cuts and physical deformities were popular as well. Imagine that you atomic number 18 working at night, a tall ample man screaming at you to not stop and you are just getting little pay. On top of that you just accidentally burned your legs. This was truly popular. Burning occurred in coal mines and glass factories. In the mines, children were not protected very much.They barely wore gloves, so their hands were at risks. Accidents happened often. In 1911, Lewis Hine was photographing in a mine. He observed two young children accidentally falling onto burning hot coal and died, counterbalance there. While I was there, two breaker boys fell or were carried in to the coal bound, where they were smothered to death, Hine reported from a Pennsylvania Mine (Freedman 48). Many children lied about their age when working like Patrick Kearny and Dennis McKee. He was a 15 year old boy who lost his life by falling into a chute at an Avondale Mine (Freedman 52). as well, 15 year old Arthur Albecker burned and injured both of his legs. So, not only do these young children work in a horrible environment, but accidents happen a look at in mines.Also, burning happened frequently in glass factories. minor accidents from burning are putting surface. Severe burnsare regular risks of the trade in glass-bottle making, says Mrs. Florence Kelly. (Spargo 2). These accidents happen because the jobs include use extremely hot glass. Also children, have to heat glass near flames.Not only did these small, poor, innocent children get burned, but many children got terrible diseases while working tough jobs. Spinners commonly experience disease. The hot, steamy air was filled with disseminate and lint that covered the workers clothes and made it hard to breathe. Mill workers frequently developed tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory diseases. (Freedman 35). Those werent the only respiratory diseases children got. In 1902, several miners got miners asthma now known as pneumonoconiosis (Derickson 4).That is a disease of the lungs caused by inhaling mineral or metallic dust over a dogged period of time. This comes about by a lot of exposure to mine dust while the workers are still children. (Derickson 4). Also, children got tuberculosis, rickets, and other diseases like the common hook deform disease. (Derickson 4). Hookworm disease, which is widespread among farmers, is a blood-sucking, nematode worm (found in textile plants) that goes through the skin, attaching itself to the intestinal walls with its hooked mouthparts.Rickets is a disease, especially of children, caused by a lack in vitamin D that makes the bones become s oft and prone to bending and structural change. In addition, children popularly got rheumatism. It is a disease which joint or muscles pain. Also the common cold was frequent. This happens when being in two extreme temperatures. In glass factories, young boys are next to a scorching furnace to a freezing room where they cool attain glass (Spargo 3). Young children had to work harsh jobs that arent safe(p) at all. They may get diseases. It is simply immoral. Lastly, children got dreadful decamps and physical deformities. Cuts were common in farming. In the fall, the senesce beets were pulled from the ground and were topped. Topping required holding a beet against the knee and slicing off the top with a sixteen-inch knife that had a sharp prong at one end.Accidents happened all too often. I hooked my knee with the beet knife, a seven-year old boy told Hine, but I just went on working. (Freedman 67). So, very young kids of age, 5, 6, 7, handled one foot and a half long knives. You can guess that accidents happened often. Also, doffers got cut plenty. (Freedman, 35)A young boy tripped into a spinning machine. (Freedman 35) He accidentally tore out two of his fingers. (Freedman, 35) This was very common. Also, physical deformities happened. Reformers found that premature employment shortened normal physical development. (Derickson 4) So if young children worked, they became short, venial adults. (Derickson 4) They also found that children that worked had flat feet by standing and walking all day with improper footgear and a curved spine by bending while working for several hours. (Derickson 4)In conclusion, accidents and physical deformities happened very repeatedly in the early 20th century. Accidents like burning were twice as common in children as with adults. Diseases were popular too. Lastly, physical deformities affected these children for the rest of their already short lives. Spine-curving and flat feet were common. Risks of pesticide drunkenness occ urred too. The list is endless. So as you can see, child labor is frail, unfair, unjust, and immoral. It should be called child abuse, as thats what it is. Dont you think that children deserve an education? Children deserve better than working in an unhealthy and hazardous place. Children deserve to live longer. Children deserve to be children.Works CitedCleland, Hugh G. Child Labor. Encyclopedia Americana. 2008. Grolier Online. 19 Oct. 2008 http//ea.grolier.com/cgi-bin/ term?assetid=0090989-00Derickson, Alan. Making Human Junk Child Labor as a Health Issue in the Progressive Era SIRS Knowledge Source, 1992.19 Oct. 2008 http//sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SMIAMIDADE-0-5114&artno=0000270Freedman, Russell. Kids at Work Lewis Hine and the Crusade Against Child Labor. New York Houghton Mifflin Company.1994Spargo, John. The Bitter yell of the Children (excerpt) American History Online. 1906. Facts On File, Inc. 19 Oct 2008 http//fofweb.com/NuHistory?default..asp?ItemID=WE 52&NewItemID=True

Methadone: government’s answer to heroine addiction

fixer is a pain allayer similar to morphine that belongs to the group of drugs known as opioid. Opioids have chemical structures and actions similar to morphine. Methadones cause are longer lasting than that of heroine and are considered to be safe, well-tested medication for slightnessment of opioid addiction sezession and dependence state.Methadone as an opiate has something in common with Heroine. They occupy the same mu opioid receptors in the spirit. Methadone is a artificial drug, long-acting opioid whose effects last for 24 hours. It was proven to mimic heroines action in the brain without necessarily occupying all the mu opioid receptors. It therefore leaves enough of these receptors throw in to perform their specific roles and is the reason why fixer forbearings do not experience high. Methadone signs the cravings with heroine and blocks the high from heroine use.Benefits of MethadoneMethadone has its own cost benefit by which a persevering will only incur $13 pe r day because of its duration of action and very wiped out(p) cost (ONDCP 2000). This is taken a better and cost effective alternative to rehabilitation and incarceration. Withdrawal is much slower than that of heroine. The g all overnment finds it much possible to maintain an addict on methadone hydrochloride without undesirable abrasive side effects. Methadone detox is only effective for addicts of heroine, morphine, and opioid drugs. Patients whitethorn require continuous discussion over a period of long years. Withdrawal symptoms may be regulated by gradual decrement of dosage medication.The truth about MethadoneMethadone is a synthetic drug which is vesture forming. Methadone brings about a biochemical balance in the body but the patient remains physically dependent on the opioid. Regular usage develops certain tolerance. Methadones do not cure heroine addiction it only sustain addicts habit by its long-lasting effect characteristics. Methadone has this side effect that may impair thinking and reactions since it windlessness is a form of opioid synthetic drug. The only success that move be attributed to Methadone is its ability to prostitute some mu opioid receptors while leaving others free to function. But what if the occupied receptors cannot accommodate Methadone any more than? exit it result to giving more harm by affecting the free receptors?The dos and donts of Methadone usageMethadone shall be used solely with no other drug combinations. The patient must avoid drugs that hold on somniferouss that may induce one to get drowsy or sleepy like cough, cold or pain relievers, muscle relaxants, medicine for seizures, depression or anxiety.Allergic reactions are known to be difficulty in breathing and swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat. Serious side effects are known to include hallucinations or confusions, swelling of ankles or feet, urinating less than usual, chest pains, and feeling light headed or fainting.Overdose symptoms wer e observed to be modify or decreased breathing, slow heart rate, small pupils, cold clammy skin and coma or even death.Methadone administrationThe drug can be taken as a liquid state or as a tablet for oral administration. The correct dosage shall be measured with a marked liquid measuring spoon or medicine cup. It can be also administered through injections.ConclusionsI do not believe that government has been helping its people by the introduction of methadone. Tolerance means the possibility of a tolerant person to function normally with a dose that may prove fatal to a non tolerant person. It does not treat nor cure the addiction but only sustain the habit economically for 24 hours because of its long-lasting effect. Methadone can proved fatal when the patient is out on the streets and may not be known to be using it. When plagued with cough and colds, there is a very braggart(a) possibility that his mind and control defenses will go lax and buy over the counter drugs to treat the illness which is a big NO for this kind of discourse.The way I see it, it is the highway to free addiction and free fall to individual fatality. The free fall may not be on its effect as a treatment but purely on its established harmful effects when combined with other drugs that may be bought over the counter for relief of mild ailments. The harm is slack and ignorance of the person being held responsible for his own treatment. Methadone may increase the effects of these other drugs and refer drowsiness and dizziness even worse. The danger is from the aspects of over dose and side effects.Methadone only reduces cost for treatment some aspects of drug addiction. It also reduces crime and violence but do not ultimately reduce the misuse of this drug and of the other drugs. We dont hold the thoughts and the hearts of our patients. They have a incompatible meaning for responsibleness and laxity of control. Patients do not actually follow what you teach. It has been establishe d that their sense of responsibility and control are not outstanding by the addiction that they were in. The treatment can serve as a freeway to the highway of unknown, uncontrollable, fearsome consequences.1 What will become of this nation consequently?I do not mean harm with the theory that the government may find relief in the patient having to commit government assisted unwanted induced suicide. How will the government condone the danger of the treatment? How will they be able to justify giving aids to third world countries when they are limiting financial aids to their citizens themselves? I cannot see the reason of helping first other people then trying to limit own cost of rehabilitation of drug addiction centers and people with mental illness.How can a group of senators and scientist fail to underestimate and assess the relation between over dose and the patients sense of responsibility? I absolutely will not deregulate and increase methadone availability. There is alread y an array of harmful drugs over the counters that were regulated, we cannot add more to these dangers. I see merciful sacrifice and cost effective governmental measures that were not helping to the health of these people. It is frantically pushing them to their ends. We cannot justify harm with cost effectiveness.We need to STOP methadone treatment and be back on the rudiments of rehabilitation strategy. Relapse and withdrawal will never be a problem if we continue to livid our body, our environment, and our policy. If we find it hard to change policies, then we need to push the change on the persons that made it to their pose so we can effect proper changes.ReferencesFinn, S. & Tuckwiller, T. (2006, June 4). The killer cure Deaths tied to methadone escalate4across State, Nation. The Charlestone Gazette. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from thewebsite of health check Assisted Treatment Website http//www.medicalassistedtreatment.org/475719/486926.html?*session*id*key*=*session*id*val*ON DCP. (2000). Methadone April 2000. Retrieved May 21, 2007 from the website of ONDCP.Websites http//www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov/publications/factsht/methadone/index.html1Methadone, once accustomed mostly to heroin addicts to ease their cravings is being prescribed now by more doctors to treat pain. damages companies favor it because it is cheap and effective. But methadone helped to kill three times as many Americans in 2003 as it did in 1999, death certificates reveal, and medical examiners blame it for more overdose deaths than any other narcotic drug except cocaine. This previously unpublished information comes from an analysis of death certificates requested by the Gazette-Mail and conducted by the National Vital Statistics System, part of the Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Center for wellness Statistics. West Virginia led the nation in accidental overdose deaths blamed on methadone in 2003, with a death rate four times higher than the national average, th e data shows. It was followed by Kentucky, northern Carolina, Maine and New Hampshire. Methadone contributed to 2,992 deaths nationwide in 2003, up from 790 four years earlier, according to the data. Thats more deaths in one year than the U.S. military has suffered during the conflict in Iraq. Medical examiners ruled 82 per centum of those deaths accidental. (Finn & Tuckwiller 2006)

Cpa Exam Pre

I throw off recently moved and need to up exit my contact details. How locoweed I do this? stack I manage the CPA broadcast professional level instalments in any order? This is my live semester, what if I dont street? terminate I cast an extension of time? Study materials 4 5 I have non have my carry materials yet. What should I do? I have wanting pages in my get wind guide. How can I change these? Study support, including body of work groups 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 How can I register for get word groups?When will the charter group list be obtainable? I need some additional help with my studies. What options are available? How many an(prenominal) hours should I study to pass? argon there assignments? Are there any practice questions? How do I access them? Are there any different additional study materials or textbooks that I need? Can I originate the text books or legislation that I have retained from university? I am having trouble accessing learning tasks a nd/or folders on My Online accomplishment. What can I do? Exams 15 16 17 18 19 When are tryouts held? I cannot sit the testing on the date advertised. Can I have an alternative exam date?I havent received my exam notification letter. Can you please send me a copy? How do I change my exam location? I have a checkup condition which requires me to have special exam arrangements. Is it possible to have a special exam organize? How do I go about having that organized? Exams (continued) 20 21 22 23 24 25 What is the structure/format of the exam? Are the exams all multiple-choice or are there written response questions on the exams? Are the exam questions in faculty order? What is the ppercentage of questions for each module? Are marks deducted for treat aanswers? Can I access past exam papers?My studies have been affected by personal hardship/illness. I dont think I will pass if I sit the exam. What can I do? Attending the exam 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 What identificatio n do I need to take to the exam? What study materials can I take into the exam? Can I use an electronic dictionary? What type of calculator is allowed and can you suggest the best unmatchable? Can I bring food into the exam room? Im running deep to my exam. What should I do? Where should I place my belongings at the exam venue? Can I highlight or tag my notes during reading time? Shcould I use a pen or a pencil for my aanswers?I have not marked my name or membership fleck correctly on the answer sheet or exam booklet. Will this be a conundrum? I marked the aanswers in the exam booklet instead of the answer sheet. Will my aanswers be assessed? collect to my personal caboodle, I dont think I performed well on the exam. How can I apply for special consideration? Exam results 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 How can I get access to my exam results? How can I get a copy of my Personal Analysis Letter for this semester? How can I get a copy of my Personal Analysis Letter for last semes ter? How do I get a transcript of results? What is the pass mark per segment?What are the marks required to achieve a Credit, bankers bill and High Distinction? How can I get access to my exam mark? Can my exam paper be re-marked? Can I view my exam paper to see where I went wrong? I have received my results and I have failed. My studies/exam performance were affected by circumstances beyond my control but I didnt know I could apply for special consideration. Can I still apply? Important Contacts 2533600v1 23-Jul-13 CPA Australia Study and exam information Page 2 of 10 Enrolment 1. I have recently moved and need to update my contact details. How can I do this? You are able to change your details online at paaustralia. com. au/memberprofile at any time. Your study materials will be sent to the telephone you provided at the time of chronicle, or you may change your address up to the early bird enrolment closing date. Changes made before the early bird enrolment closing date in ea ch semester will be processed in time for your materials to be delivered to the new address. If you change your address after this date, please arrange to collect or forward your study materials from the original address. A re-issue fee will be charged if you require a second lay of materials to be sent to the new address. 2.Can I complete the CPA Program professional level segments in any order? You can enrol in any segment except for Global dodge and Leadership as your first enrolment. It is recommended that you enrol first in Ethics and Governance as this segment provides a sound introduction to your studies. Global Strategy and Leadership is the capstone segment and brings together the familiarity candidates have gained from their studies of the other(a) compulsory segments. To enrol in Global Strategy and Leadership, candidates must have successfully completed all other compulsory segments of the CPA Program professional level. . This is my last semester, what if I dont pass ? Can I get an extension of time? If you are unable to complete your CPA Program professional level segments or advance to CPA status within the relevant timeframe, extensions may be available. Please contact your local CPA Australia office to discuss your options. Study materials 4. I have not received my study materials yet. What should I do? If you have not received your study materials by semester offset you should contact emailprotected edu. au. Candidates enrolled in the Singapore Taxation segment should contact the Singapore divisional office.A limited bet of modules from the study guide are available via My Online Learning for some segments. This is to assist candidates who have not received their materials by the start of the semester. Due to copyright restrictions, only some modules are available online with the third ships company copyright content removed. 5. I have missing pages in my study guide. How can I replace these? When you receive your study materials, you sh ould check that you have received all items required for the segment. A checklist is appended to the letter enwrap with your materials.If you did not receive all items listed on the checklist, complete the form provided beneath the checklist and fax it to +61 3 5227 3221 or email emailprotected edu. au. Alternatively you can phone the Business Services Group at Deakin University on +61 3 5227 3200 or 1800 032 294 (within Australia). Candidates enrolled in the Singapore Taxation segment should contact the Singapore divisional office for all enquiries about missing or damaged study materials. 2533600v1 23-Jul-13 CPA Australia Study and exam information Page 3 of 10 Study support, including study groups 6. How can I register for study groups?You can register for study groups through My Online Learning. To register, simply click on My Study Groups on the wind menu bar, select the relevant segment using the dropdown box next to Course and follow the prompts. Registering for a study g roup provides you with access to a secure online list of email contact details for other candidates who are studying the same segment and who have also registered for a study group. You can use these contact details to form your own study group and share your learning and thoughts with your peers. 7. When will the study group list be available?You will be able to register for study groups via My Online Learning from the start of the semester. 8. I need some additional help with my studies. What options are available? To help you complete the CPA Program, CPA Australia has developed a wide range of support. This may be provided as part of your enrolment and membership fees, or some may be purchased through third-party providers. The level of support available may differ depending on which segment you are undertaking and your geographic location. The support available includes ? charge through Registered Tuition Providers ? upplementary revision materials such as Revision Kits and Pa sscards ? workshops and webinars ? My Online Learning. Access cpaaustralia. com. au/learningsupport for more information. 9. How many hours should I study to pass? The minimum recommended study time is between 10 and 15 hours per hebdomad per segment. 10. Are there assignments? There are no assignments for CPA Program professional level segments. sound judgment for each CPA Program professional level segment is an exam of three hours duration at the end of the semester. 11. Are there any practice questions? How do I access them?